The Opening Scenes of Othello, King Lear and Macbeth Essay Example for Free

The Opening Scenes of Othello, King Lear and Macbeth Essay The influences of feminine powers from the Shakespearean plays, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth, portrayed during the opening scenes have affected the courses of male instincts and literary arguments throughout the play. In this study, the emphasis is given to the powers of feminine influences portrayed in the opening scenes and the effects of these to male characters and arguments throughout the play. The three plays of Shakespeare have shown significant interests on how females provided influential to seemingly manipulative roles throughout the play. In the opening scene of the play Macbeth, the feminine force of Lady Macbeth only becomes evident in the latter scenes (Act I: Scene V), but her character and roles in the play have shown immense manipulation and creative enticement that lures the role of her husband Macbeth from general to king. Lady Macbeth has shown a personality of a domineering wife that pave the way for her husband’s royal disposition. In the story, her presence and feminine influence are evidently illustrated by her manipulation of her husband’s decisions. The powers of Lady Macbeth portray the similarity towards the militaristic domination of her husband’s task in the military, yet also give contrast to their roles and dispositions, which emphasizes her enticement. On the other hand, the feminine influences present in King Lear are evidently multi-faceted through the roles of characters, Goneril, Regan and Cordelia. Shakespeare is able to centralize the literary course through the discreet and indirect manipulation of character of Cordelia, the youngest daughter of King Lear. In opening scenes this play, the feminine roles are very much intertwined with the concept of sibling rivalry and patriarchal inclinations, which is more patterned to â€Å"Electra† complex of Freudian psychosexual theory. The character of Cordelia has shown her distinct attachments towards the King of France as her husband and the King Lear as her father, while the two sisters, Goneril and Regan, implicate love towards themselves and their husband’s disposition to the society. Cordelia’s depiction of feminine influence is the main emphasis of the discussion due to her distinct attachments to significant male characters as well as her diverse portrayal in the opening scenes of the play. Lastly, the play of Othello gives rise to the character of Desdemona who have entangled the hearts of two gentlemen, Othello and Roderigo. In the opening scenes, it is already indicated that Roderigo lost the hand of Desdemona to his competitor Othello, who actually became the husband of Desdemona. In the novel, the roles of women, including Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca, have become the turning point of argument among men. Shakespeare has evidently utilized the imagery of womanhood in order to create the sense of love rivalries, issues of jealousy, scenarios of betrayal and the instinctive manly lust linked to their pride as military personnel and as male human being. The feminine influence is very much intense and evident even in the opening scenes of the play; however, it portrays a different perspective in the form of love triangle between Othello, Desdemona and Roderigo. Discussion The Opening Scenes of Othello The setting of the opening scene involves the two characters Roderigo and Iago arguing about the secret marriage that occurred between Othello, Roderigo’s literary rival, and Desdemona, the woman who captivated Roderigo. During the first scenes, Roderigo acts furiously and blatantly exaggerates his hatred and defeat towards Iago due to the fact that Desdemona can no longer be with him. Even from the very start, the character of Desdemona is already causing an indirect influence towards the male characters through the depiction of erotic triangle between Othello, herself and Roderigo. In the advent of Roderigo’s jealousy, he is easily manipulated by Iago’s lying tongue that causes them to further lay down their conflict to the Desdemona’s father, Senator Brabantio. â€Å"Iago: Call up her father, rouse him: make after him, poison his delight, proclaim him in the streets; incense her kinsmen and, though he in a fertile climate dwell, plague him with flies: though that his joy be joy, yet throw such changes of vexation ont, as it may lose some colour. (Act I: Scene I)† Brabantio, being influenced again by the role of Desdemona as his daughter, becomes protective over her and enrages as he learn the marriage between his pure bred English daughter to a moor. Othello is known as the noble moor in the novel; hence, creating issues of classicism in terms of racial origin. Despite Othello’s military rank (General), he is not welcomed with full acceptance by Desdemona’s patriarchs. â€Å"Brabantio: It is too true an evil: gone she is; and whats to come of my despised time is nought but bitterness. Now, Roderigo, Where didst thou see her? O unhappy girl! With the Moor, sayst thou? Who would be a father! How didst thou know twas she? O she deceives me (Act I: Scene I). † Literary angles would consider the enticement and manipulation brought by Iago; however, the clear spot on Desdemona, being the subject of argument among men in the opening scenes, is the clearest influence of feminine powers. Brabantio’s patriarchal protectiveness and Roderigo’s lustful intent insist to revoke the clinging of Othello to Desdemona; however, even with progressive accusations (e. g. witchcraft, unreasonable seductions from Othello, etc. , Othello is able to defend himself and his love for Desdemona. Prior to the frank arguments between Brabantio’s allies and Othello, the noble moor already declared his affection towards Desdemona. â€Å"Othello: But that I love the gentle Desdemona, I would not my unhoused free condition put into circumscription and confine for the seas worth(Act I: Scene II). † Shakespeare portrays a different power of female captivity in the initial conflicts of opening scenes. Even without the appearance of Desdemona in the opening scenes of the play, her presence and manipulation over the male characters are already evident. The protectiveness of Brabantio, the jealous love of Roderigo and Othello’s proof of love for Desdemona have all indicated a tremendous male influence through a simple decision made by Desdemona, which is her marriage with Othello. Evidently, the female character of Desdemona invisibly influences the subjects of arguments (e. g. Iago and Roderigo, Brabantio against Othello, and Roderigo against Othello) present in the opening scenes of the play. The Opening Scenes of King Lear In the play of King Lear, the female parties under the portrayals of the three sisters, Goneril, Regan and King Leer’s most favourite, Cordelia. The play opens with King Lear and his daughters providing their best interpretations of their patriarchal affinity. Goneril, being the eldest and married daughter, casts well-stated praises for the king but less affinity for a father. â€Å"Goneril: †¦No less than life, with grace, health, beauty, honour; as much as child eer loved, or father found; a love that makes breath poor, and speech unable;†¦ (Act I: Scene 1). † Meanwhile, Regan, the second daughter, resembles more of her eldest sister’s remarks although, she places more emphasis on the insufficiencies of Goneril’s description. It is a higher bid, a bold comparative and an assertion that Regan can love better than the eldest. Regan mentions that, â€Å"In my true heart â€Å"†¦I find she names my very deed of love; only she comes too short: that I profess myself an enemy to all other joys, which the most precious square of sense possesses; and find I am alone felicitate in your dear highness love (Act I: Scene I)†, which gives the hint of her total love for King Lear. Shakespeare’s King Lear somehow illustrates the role of women to please men of the contemporary European society simply through words, which sometimes even blinds them of the real picture. However, despite the alluring statements provided by the two sisters, Shakespeare decides to have the youngest, Cordelia, as the turning point of feminine enticement in the story, which even influenced the entire literary course of King Lear. Upon the first entrance of King Lear, a significant symbolism of favoritism has already been portrayed for his youngest daughter. His concern over her is vastly impressive and evident as he acknowledges the non-implied burden of Cordelia’s suitors, King France and Lord of Burgundy. However, this affection of King Lear has been seemingly declined by Cordelia during her turn to state her love for the king. Corderlia’s thoughts assures to her confidence that her tongue is not match for her affection towards her father. â€Å"Cordelia: Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave, my heart into my mouth: I love your majesty according to my bond; nor more nor less. (Act1: Scene 1)† This is turning point plays the most significant feminine influences over males in the opening scenes of the play. King Lear becomes enraged, disowns his daughter and leaves her to the King of France to marry. However, Cordelia still provides the greatest affinity towards the king compared to her two sisters. The feminine influences of the three daughters to their father provide a multi-faceted approach. Goneril and Regan compete for their interest in the king’s inheritance, but their intents show selfish and masked affinity. On the other hand, Cordelia manifests a strong attachment to her father. Despite of the knowledge that failure to gratify the king through word praises might cause the lost of her part in the kingdom shares, she still preferred to announce her honest verdict. In the opening scene, King Lear, with the instinctive manly characters, is easily manipulated by the feminine lingual enticement, which even blinds his site from truth. King Lear prioritizes his pride and instinct as a man, which blinds him from the real identities and intentions of her daughters. The linkages of the sisters towards the king are related to the patriarchal attachments that should be natural to such familial relationships. The Electra complex depicted in the play and the process on how feminine enticement can manipulate male’s decision is the main influence of feminine roles throughout the play. The Opening Scenes of Macbeth In the Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the feminine influence is greatly portrayed by the role of Lady Macbeth over her husband, Macbeth. In the story, the three witches have provided their prediction of kingly lineage to Banquo, a military general and Macbeth’s best friend; however, as Lady Macbeth learns of the predictions, she decides to use this together with her husband as an opportunity to own the crown. Lady Macbeth is able to convince Macbeth that the only way to the royal lineage is to eliminate the current monarch, King Duncan. During the conversations of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, the manipulation of Lady Macbeth becomes evident in her efforts to convince Macbeth for the killing plot. â€Å"Lady Macbeth: And when goes hence? Macbeth: To-morrow, as he purposes. Lady Macbeth: O, never shall sun that morrow see! .(Act 1: Scene V) Lady Macbeth: What cannot you and I perform upon the unguarded Duncan? What not put upon his spongy officers, who shall bear the guilt of our great quell? † (Act 1: Scene VII). The feminine cunningness of Lady Macbeth has entices her husband for her plot of putting Macbeth in the royal sit. She is even confident to take the overall burden for the sake of her husband’s new position in the royal chambers as evident to her statements, â€Å"Lady Macbeth: †¦to alter favour ever is to fear: Leave all the rest to me†¦ (Act I: Scene V). The influence of Lady Macbeth is also the main weapon that she chooses in order to fulfill the plot of killing. She decides to lure the king to her enticement prior to the killing and, with that, her cunning statements begin to manifest. â€Å"Duncan: Give me your hand; conduct me to mine host: we love him highly, and shall continue our graces towards him. By your leave, hostess (Act 1: Scene VI)† The female influences portrayed in the character of Lady Macbeth illustrate the manipulative and non-offensive strategy of female mind in directing the male’s decision according to their preferences. Evidently, Lady Macbeth manifests a domineering attitude towards her husband, Macbeth, whom she even considers as innocent and helpless in some non-implied way. Considering the pride of men by nature and the manly instinct suggesting the negation of female position, especially during the contemporary European society, Macbeth is enticed to abide the plans and plots of Lady Macbeth. Moreover, as illustrated in the opening scenes, Macbeth is the one who shows hesitancy over the plot of his wife. â€Å"Macbeth: If we should fail? Lady Macbeth: We fail! But screw your courage to the sticking-place, and well not fail. When Duncan is asleepWhereto the rather shall his days hard journey soundly invite himhis two chamberlains (Act I: Scene VII)† It is important to note that the culture and tradition from the time of Macbeth’s writing prohibits the insubordination of males by females; however, Lady Macbeth is able to create an illusion of caring character to mask her manipulation. Somehow, the concept maybe contradicting to the prevailing culture of their time, but the strength of feminine influence and dominancy is very much evident in the role of Lady Macbeth to the point that even Duncan acknowledges her bravery. Following the latter scenes of the play, it is Lady Macbeth who works behind the kingly figure of Macbeth indicating the powers placed by Shakespeare in the woman’s tongue in his Macbeth. Analysis of the Three Plays In the three plays of Shakespeare analyzed in this study, the play Othello mentions the power of Desdemona’s decision in marrying the noble moor, while Goneril, Regan and Cordelia use the feminine touch of patriarchal influence in order to create significant impact in King Lear’s decisions for his kingdom, and lastly, Lady Macbeth who issues direct but properly strategize dominancy and manipulation over her husband, Macbeth. These women in the following three plays have all shown significant feminine influences towards the male characters of the plays. Despite the different forms and strategies, the feminine image in the contemporary period of society has always become a part of major influential force. The portrayals of feminine influences have all been cited from the openings scenes of the play, and yet, each of the female character in these plays has already provided their significant place in the literary course. In consideration of Othello’s Desdemona, even without her initial appearance, her single decision of marrying Othello has initiated the conflicts between three male personas, Roderigo, Brabantio and Othello. The conflict between these males stand in the motives of racial discrimination of Brabantio for Othello’s Moroccan origin, and Roderigo’s desire for Desdemona that is halted and ended by their secret marriage. In the opening scenes of Othello, Desdemona has not even mentioned any words but only the decision of secret marriage, and yet the uprising between the three main characters has already climbed the higher intensity. Meanwhile, the sisters and their king, from the play King Lear? are provided with the scenario of lingual enticements. Goneril and Regan are able to entice their father through their praises full of masked thoughts. However, despite of their masked or seemingly unreal feminine allurement, Goneril and Regan are given portions of the kingdom under the King’s verdict. Meanwhile, the youngest, Cordelia offers the most honest answer he can give, which is the love of expression than love through words. However, due to Corderlia’s failure in enticing the male pride and instinct of King Lear, she has been banished from the throne including her right as the daughter of the king. The feminine influence being portrayed in this novel is on the aspect of pleasing the male pride, which holds the key in manipulating their superiority and grants – as with the portrayal of Goneril and Regan. Lastly, the dominance of Lady Macbeth towards her husband Macbeth has led to their plot of killing the current minister, Duncan, and subduing the kingdom under Macbeth’s leading. The portrayal of Lady Macbeth has provided the illustration of the aggressive form of female manipulation through a well-masked intent towards rule and power. Conclusion The feminine influences of the characters Desdemona, the three sisters and Lady Macbeth have all illustrated diverse forms on how females in the contemporary plays of Shakespeare can influence the male society. As for Othello’s wife, Desdemona, she is able to influence the uprising of the male characters in the opening scenes through her simple decision of marrying the racially discriminated individual, Othello, the noble moor. Meanwhile, the two sisters, Goneril and Regan, are able to entice their patriarch’s affection leading to the favor of having the kingdom’s inheritance. Cordelia, on the other hand, symbolizes how men’s pride can be blinded by false feminine allure, which sometimes hinders male’s judgments of truth. Lastly, Lady Macbeth who provides the portrayal of dominant manipulation over her husband in order to attain higher positions through the royal crown.

The Effects of International Business Strategy in emerging Markets

The Effects of International Business Strategy in emerging Markets The increase in the continuous growth of the emerging markets, in particular the four major countries Brazil, China, India, and Russia, are the largest emerging markets (LEMs) which face challenges and offers immense opportunities to the international business growth however in the recent times it has shown an increasingly fierce competitiveness internationally of these economies now pose a challenge for the economies of the world. The challenges are evident in the form of increase in the commodity prices, rising food cost, growing outward investment and acquisition the largest emerging markets firms, with its direct impact on insecurity in jobs and growing inequality of income in developed and developing nations hence creating a need for restructuring the international institutions to reflect the shifting balance of economic power in the world economy. The growing recession in the west and the reliance on selective protectionism on a rise are impacting the prospects of the emerging economies of the world. Theoretical aspect This is research aims at formulating the scope of the international strategy by analysing the current situation of the economys and the theories applied by different theorist on the emerging nation in the past taking into consideration the degree of their effectiveness into account and postulating new perspective and dimension to it. The analysis of the early phase of the market emergence, Institutional theory helps in comprehending the impact on the enterprise strategies this is due to the strong influence of the government in the emerging economys to that of developed economies . the role of institutional theory is reviewed in context to the other theories and their interactions in understanding the the emerged and the developed market economies. Institutional theory This theory emphasizes on the influence of surrounding system organisation that shapes the social and organisational behaviour(scott 1995). The important role of an institution in a economy is to reduce information and transaction cost by building a a stable structure to facilitate interaction bye reducing uncertainty .Suhomlinova (1999) found that government institutions influence had a negative impact on Russian enter-prise reform, Lau (1998) suggested that political and market pressures were the institutional constraints faced by chief execu-tives in Chinese enterprise hence this theory would help in assessing the social barrier and interference pattern in the emerging market economy. Transaction cost in emerging economies Transaction cost economics studies the firm-environment interface through a contractual or ex-change-based approach (Williamson, 1975). This aspect plays an integral part as the rational governance choice requires a trade-off, at the margin, between the transaction costs associated with the market mode, a firms need for control, and the governance costs of hierarchy which in most of the emerging economies is high hence Choi, Lee, and Kim (1999) hypothesized that measurement and enforcement are two critically important transaction costs in emerging economies. In a country where the price system does not accurately provide signals for efficient resource allocation, measurement costs should be high. Similarly, in a country where official discretion rather than the rule of law defines property rights, enforcement costs will be high (La Porta, Lopez-de-Silanes, Shlei-fer, Vishny, 1997). This aspect has a important role to play in the emerging economies for international business. Resource based perspective The resource based view has argued on a primary concern, why do firms differ and how they achieve and sustain competitive advantage. Penrose (1959) argued that heterogeneous capabilities give each firm its unique character and are the essence of competitive advantage. This is another dimension for the research as to how do we strategize and enter the makets of these emerging economies Empirical analysis Research on strategy in this field of emerging economies is difficult on several grounds as the theory postulated for the developed economies may not apply for the emerging economies, with the empirical hence researchers do find it difficulty in data collection sampling measuring the variable for example the firms performance with the variety of variable changing. The combination of quantitative and qualitative method is the most reliable and relevant method of data collection and analysis. Sampling and data collection Sampling approach has to be innovative pertaining to the changing economies for example the general data source like telephone directory could become outdated rapidly. The data which may be generally collected from a company may not necessarily be consistent witht he data possessed by the government authority hence there requires a collaboration of different studies to analyse and find the right method for data collection as questionnaire, surveys are dependent on the postal service. Collaborative projects with local researchers using face-to-face interviews may be a key means of gaining access to data sources (Lee Miller, 1999). Henderson and Cock-burn (1994) used quantitative questionnaires, qual-itative interviews, and multiple informants to increase the validity and reliability of their measures of organizational competence, variable measurement do pose a number of problems that present a difficulty in strategy research in emerging economies. Mixed methodology In assessing the empirical aspect relating to the research of the growth and the different attributes to international business in emerging countries, the approach to it has to be on broader perspective hence it requires a collaboration of quantitative which primarily deals with the numeric data collection converting it into statistical form and then evaluating it to derive result and the qualitative measure of analysis which aims at understanding the meaning exploring it further by means of case study , questionnaire surveys to and then analyse the response, both method in proper coordination would provide the insight in understanding the complexity of the emerging market and the factor effecting international business. Conclusion The areas of research is focussed to the (BRIC) nations Brazil Russia India China with downfall of the economy which is at the brinks of pulling itself out of recession the key to overcome lies with this countries hence the objective of the research is to evaluate the current aspects of International business strategy applied to these emerging economies.

my last duchess Essay -- essays research papers

Poets often use literary techniques to clearly convey the personalities of their speakers. In â€Å"My Last Duchess†, Robert Browning uses point of view, diction, and imagery to achieve a powerful effect, underlining the attitude and personality of the Duke.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a dramatic monologue, character development is based on what the speaker says, and how he says it. In â€Å"My Last Duchess†, the speaker of the monologue addresses a fictional audience, and the reader is seen as an unnoticed third party. It is because of this viewpoint that the reader is able to analyze the words and actions of the Duke, gaining insight into his life and personality that he is not aware of giving. While the poet uses his words to convey his intended meaning, it is up to the reader to draw his own conclusion, through the witnessed events and conversation. His arrogant and possessive nature must be inferred of the Duke’s character from the way he speaks, just as the details of the setting and situation must be inferred from his own words. Although the reader is not directly spoken to in the poem, evaluation of the Duke’s showy attitude can be inferred through his concern with the artwork and his nonchalant description of his wife, which is noticed by the uninvolved reader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Duke wants to present himself as a powerful and sophisticated man, and he does so in the beginning. However, as he ...

The Physics of the High Jump Essay -- Science Essays

The Physics of the High Jump The world consists of many phenomena. Some of them are mysteries to us as human beings, while many others can be explained. Progressively over the centuries, science has helped us to better understand the spectacular things that physically affect the human race and the earth. Almost every single thing that deals with the physical aspect of our existence can now be explained through physics, which in turn helps us to better understand our surrounding environment. Where I have always been involved in sports, I am very interested in the specific physics that each sport consists of. One such sport that fascinates me is the high jump, and for this reason I am going to delve into the physics of the high jump and break it down to explain the different laws and physics that encompass it. The high jump can be broken down into three stages: the run up phase or approach, the take off phase, and the flight or bar clearance phase. By understanding these three stages and the different laws of phys ics that make them up, one will have a much greater understanding of the high jump and its mechanics. In order to begin this analysis, I need to start with the very first stage of the high jump, which is the approach or run up phase. The run up phase begins with the jumper standing up vertically, in position to begin running, about ten strides away from the bar that is to be cleared. According to professors Jesus Dapena and Alexander P. Willmott of the department of Kinesiology, from Indiana University,â€Å"[the] run-up serves as a preparation for the takeoff phase, the most important phase of the jump†(2). The run up phase can be broken down into several parts. The first part of the run up phase generally follows a straight-... ... world that are associated with the high jump. The high jump may not be a spectacular phenomena or even a mystery to many people, but it doesn’t change the fact that it is governed by many principles of physics. By understanding the physics that make up the high jump, one can obtain a totally new understanding of the mechanics of this incredible sport, and in doing so can acquire an appreciation for the principles of physics that govern our earth and us as a human race. Works Cited Dapena, Jesus, and Alexander P. Willmott. â€Å"Scientific Services Project: (USA Track & Field),HIGH JUMP #23 (Men) Research Report.† â€Å"Diss. Indiana University, 2002.† Kirkpatrick, Larry D., and Gerald F. Wheeler. Fourth Edition Physics A World View. Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001. Santos, Jim. Practical Coaching Techniques for the HIGH JUMP. Iowa: Championship Books, 1981.

Alternative Energy Essay -- Environment, Fossil Fuel, Wind Energy

A topic that has been in discussion throughout the years was the use of alternative energy. Alternative Energy is being increasingly used due to â€Å"The threat of global warming.† (Tom Udall, â€Å"Clean Energy,† par. 3). The result of the burning of fossil fuels and fossil fuels are soon depleting and alternative energies will be the ways that people will be living in the near future. As the positives of alternative energy will provide a healthier and cleaner future, cost is something people underestimate. The price of alternative energy will increase our national deficit as well as the people’s taxes, as manufacturing these products that will create alternative energy is expensive. As the economy of the United States continues to fall apart, Americans continually overuse fossil fuels and increasing the chance of global warming. As this epidemic continues to rise, the government issued a bill asking for change to the way fossil fuels are being used up. As the government started dealing with this problem, some influential senators have designed a bill called â€Å"S.3813: Renewable Electricity Promotion Act of 2010 stating by 2021, power plants will be run by 15% alternative energy.† (Reuters, â€Å"US renewable energy bill,† par. 2). This is the debate of how the future will end up. This measure "will help protect and create hundreds of thousands of good-paying jobs and keep America in the clean energy race." (Par. 6). As this debate continues to persuade other members of Congress, the bill will be persuaded by interest groups who were made to promote or demote the bill. Interest Groups will use all the resources they can possibly use to find ways to beat the other interest groups to help promote its ideas. As the bill is going through Cong... ...passed the Senate, where the Senate need to collaborate in where certain amendments fit, the last time someone was looking at S. 3813 was â€Å"Sept 21, 2010,† shows that slow progression of the bill. â€Å"The bill was considered in committee which has recommended it be considered by the Senate as a whole.† (Gov Track, â€Å"S. 3813,† par. 1). The most influential group that has made the most impact would be the American Petroleum Institute, where they have the expertise of 270 staff members, where each work on a different aspect of the bill and find ways for the bill to be past. The government hasn’t resolved the problem yet because the bill is still being placed under amendments that apply to the bill. It is being carefully examined by the Senators so that mistakes in the bill are not passed and are revised and which will help the economy and the people of the United States. Alternative Energy Essay -- Environment, Fossil Fuel, Wind Energy A topic that has been in discussion throughout the years was the use of alternative energy. Alternative Energy is being increasingly used due to â€Å"The threat of global warming.† (Tom Udall, â€Å"Clean Energy,† par. 3). The result of the burning of fossil fuels and fossil fuels are soon depleting and alternative energies will be the ways that people will be living in the near future. As the positives of alternative energy will provide a healthier and cleaner future, cost is something people underestimate. The price of alternative energy will increase our national deficit as well as the people’s taxes, as manufacturing these products that will create alternative energy is expensive. As the economy of the United States continues to fall apart, Americans continually overuse fossil fuels and increasing the chance of global warming. As this epidemic continues to rise, the government issued a bill asking for change to the way fossil fuels are being used up. As the government started dealing with this problem, some influential senators have designed a bill called â€Å"S.3813: Renewable Electricity Promotion Act of 2010 stating by 2021, power plants will be run by 15% alternative energy.† (Reuters, â€Å"US renewable energy bill,† par. 2). This is the debate of how the future will end up. This measure "will help protect and create hundreds of thousands of good-paying jobs and keep America in the clean energy race." (Par. 6). As this debate continues to persuade other members of Congress, the bill will be persuaded by interest groups who were made to promote or demote the bill. Interest Groups will use all the resources they can possibly use to find ways to beat the other interest groups to help promote its ideas. As the bill is going through Cong... ...passed the Senate, where the Senate need to collaborate in where certain amendments fit, the last time someone was looking at S. 3813 was â€Å"Sept 21, 2010,† shows that slow progression of the bill. â€Å"The bill was considered in committee which has recommended it be considered by the Senate as a whole.† (Gov Track, â€Å"S. 3813,† par. 1). The most influential group that has made the most impact would be the American Petroleum Institute, where they have the expertise of 270 staff members, where each work on a different aspect of the bill and find ways for the bill to be past. The government hasn’t resolved the problem yet because the bill is still being placed under amendments that apply to the bill. It is being carefully examined by the Senators so that mistakes in the bill are not passed and are revised and which will help the economy and the people of the United States.

Pros of British Imperialism in Africa Essay

The British colonized Africa from Egypt in the north to South Africa. Extension of a nation’s power through conquering overseas territory, know as imperialism had several motivations. Nationalism urged the nations of Europe to conquer land overseas. Having colonies was seen as a matter on national prestige, it was a symbol of the nation’s greatness. Lands in Africa, rich in raw materials and markets, were seen as economic opportunities for the European nations. Along with the rest of Europe Britain participated in the Scramble for Africa. The biggest urge to colonize was brought on by the economic benefits that the colonies would bring. Africa was seen as a major source of possible income, with its’ raw materials and markets for European manufactured goods. Around the 19th century, as the interest in slave trade declined other forms of trade became increasingly interesting, European powers continued to seek income. The Westerners had a keen interest in Africaâ₠¬â„¢s natural resources such as animal hides, palm oil, peanuts, rubber, timber, and tin. The growing European presence led to increasing tensions in the region. British colonization of Africa began in 1874. British imperialism started with the annexing of the west costal states (which became the Gold Coast colony) and establishing a protectorate in Nigeria. Around 1914, the Scramble for Africa had ended; Britain was in charge of a huge part of the continent. Britain controlled Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Bechuanaland, British East Africa, British Somalia, Egypt, Gambia, Gold Coast, Nigeria, Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Pemba, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Southern Rhodesia, Uganda, Union of South Africa, Walvis Bay, and Zanzibar. The size of the British reign over Africa was greater than that of any other nations. An aspiration of the British was to stretch a telegraph line from their northern colonies to their southernmost ones. Cecil Rhodes, a successful British businessman, can be credited for the vastness of the British control in Africa. One of his ambitions was to create a series of British colonies from Cape Town to Cairo, all connected by a railroad. In fact, Cecil Rhodes was partially responsible for sparking the Boer War which lasted from 1899 to 1902. Soon after, the British government made Rhodes to resign from his post as head of Cape Colony. Ultimately, his goal was to gain as much territory in Africa as possible for the British. Not only did imperialism provide the colonizing country with profit, the colonized lands and people also benefited from it. Western nations brought useful innovations and improvements to the people’s lives. Some of the technological advances were telegraphs, railroads, and telephones. More importantly, stable government systems, Western education, hospitals, were introduced to the colonized lands to improve the overall living standards. The British were able to bring these innovations to the continent of Africa and help the nations under their imperialistic rule. Imperialism is the extension of a nation’s power over other lands. A nation with colonies was viewed as superior to those without; it was able to sustain its’ place amongst the leading powers. Imperialism allowed a country to control faraway lands, rich in natural resources and local markets, and profit economically. Imperialism was beneficial not only to the imperialistic nation, but the colony as well.

Defining Abnormality Essay

Introduction Abnormal behavior comes from many different backgrounds of all ages, cultures and religions. Abnormal Psychology is made of all different factors and within those factors branch out into the abnormal behavior that is so many people. Personality is what shapes behavior and the cultural around a person no matter what age or religion can affect a person to start with abnormal behavior. In this paper one will find that age, cultural and religion does play a factor defining what abnormality is about. What is normal and what is abnormal behavior? Age Age is a huge factor in abnormal psychology and in defining and determining if there is normal or abnormal behavior being used. As we grow up and get older we change and we act differently, our age is a huge factor because with age we learn more and more and act differently and this can make our behaviors different as well and that is why age is a challenge to knowing if behavior is normal or abnormal. There are many challenges in determining normal from abnormal but age is definitely a big one and is looked at and considered before clarifying if a behavior is normal or abnormal. When looking at someone’s behavior and trying to distinguish if it is normal or abnormal we must look at their age as well. Behaviors that might be abnormal at one age group might not be abnormal in a different age group (ccvillage. buffalo. edu, N. A. ). Someone who is an adult and in their thirties is less likely to act immature or childish, it is not normal, compared to someone who is seven and a child still. If an abnormal behavior is found then age is looked at, if this child has an abnormal behavior will he or she grow out of it as they age or do they need help? These are a few things they look at and think about when age is involved. Age also determines whether or not a certain behavior can be trouble in the future. When trying to diagnosis someone’s behavior it is harder at a younger age and the age really needs to be looked at and taken into consideration to make sure that the behavior that is being diagnosed isn’t just something someone at that age might do. There are many challenges when diagnosing a behavior normal or abnormal but age is a big challenge that needs to be taken seriously and looked at carefully. Culture Culture and behavior are just like two clashing forces. What one side feels is a normal behavior, the other side may identify as an abnormal behavior. Imagine going into a country that you are not familiar with. Being exposed to different environment and different ways of life can be difficult, and can even test the comfort zone. One country may have a variety of foods to choose from, while the other one may offer what the land has to give like rice, bread and even rats and bugs. Aside from experiencing other cultures, there is also the case of finding abnormalities and judging between normal and abnormal within our own communities. Culture does not only include food differences, but can be a variety of other classifications like intelligence and social status. â€Å"Intelligence – there is a normal distribution of IQ scores. Those whose scores are 2 sd’s below the mean of 100 are, by this definition mentally retarded (i. e. : abnormal)† (Ccvillage. buffalo. edu, N. A. ). There could be a situation where an immigrant begins school in his new country, and automatically he is stereotyped as a less intelligent person because of his cultural background. Finally, there is also the social norm, which is what all the normal people classify themselves as. While children are advancing through grade school, they classify one another as normal or abnormal. The cool kids and the majority of the regular, less exciting kids would be classified amongst themselves as normal. The other children like the girl who picks her nose, the bad student in the classroom and sometimes even the really smart children would not fit amongst the social norm, and be classified as abnormal. â€Å"Someone who frequently violates these unwritten rules is seen as abnormal. This is a very powerful and persuasive definition. It is seemingly common-sense. Norms are so deeply ingrained they seem absolute† (Ccvillage. buffalo. edu, N. A. ). Religion Religion creates another dimension of defining normal and abnormal behavior. Religion adds the dimension of morality. Religions consider immoral behavior to be abnormal behavior, and each religion has its own definition of immoral behavior. Abnormal behavior is behavior that is considered unusual for any given culture, society, or religion. Some religions consider tattooing and piercing the body is abnormal behavior while some cultures require tattooing and piercing as a right of passage. A verse in the Bible states â€Å" Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you: I am the LORD. (Leviticus 19:28)† Many religions, such as Christianity, use this verse to prove that tattooing and piercing is abnormal behavior and that it is immoral, while some Muslims receive a tattoo as proof they visited Mecca. A major challenge involving religion and abnormal behavior involves the Roman Catholic Church and exorcism. According to Margoni, L, children who are abused, mistreated, or rejected by parents or siblings, may become possessed by an evil spirit and be in need of exorcism. The child might exhibit abnormal behavior by abusing drugs and alcohol, and may suffer from depression. A clinician would prescribe counseling and possibly medication for the child, and would be a very different treatment of the child than the child would receive from a priest. Many behaviors would be thought of as abnormal according to religious views, societal/ cultural and clinical views, but the treatment could be very different. Many churches offer counseling for psychological and emotional problems and offer help that is in agreement with the beliefs of that particular religion. Many other examples exist concerning the challenge of religion in defining abnormal behavior, and how religious beliefs sometimes contradict modern psychological views and science. Individuals must use common sense and seek out credible clinicians and religious leaders when in need of psychological help. Conclusion Normal and abnormal behavior can be explained through different situations where one can be able to determine what I normal and abnormal. Age may determine certain behavior, a cultural background may determine different beliefs that may give off different emotions and even religions can determine a different way of worship.