Who Are Stakeholders Stakeholder Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Who Are Stakeholders Stakeholder Theory - Essay Example "the social community (state authorities;..and civil society)." From this definition we see that shareholders are both internal and external members of the organisation community. Milton Friedman's (1912) stipulated that the only social responsibility of corporations is to provide a profit for its owners stands in direct contrast to those who claim that a corporation's responsibilities extend to non-stockholder interests as well. Such a broad conception would include suppliers, customers, stockholders, employees, the media, political action groups, communities, and governments. A more narrow view of stakeholder would include employees, suppliers, customers, financial institutions, and local communities where the corporation does its business. But in either case, the claims on corporate conscience are considerably greater than the imperatives of maximizing financial return to stockholders. Today, a handful of researchers have gone as far as arguing that, the reasons for corporate restructuring or change are either competitive pressures, changing outside environments which in most cases is made up of mostly the stakeholders (Anderson et al. 2001). In the changing company environment, researchers have even gone as commending stakeholder approach as a key factor of organisational survival and success. Therefore, our caution to organisation management is that, they should skillfully consider how to treat particular groups of stakeholders and how to communicate with them responsively, being aware of the consequences of an omission or mistreatment. Having said this, this paper seeks to identify and analyse the issue of power and interests of stakeholder groups for the University of Central Lancashire (UCLAN). In the section that follows, using the stakeholder theory and framework I will analyse the interest and power of the various stakeholders on the activities of the University of Central Lancashire. Stakeholder Theory Friedman (1963) as sited in Anderson et al. (2005) argues that a corporation is socially responsible only to its shareholders. In this regard, other corporate constituencies (stakeholders) can easily be overlooked. However, stakeholder theory strongly suggests that overlooking these other stakeholders is unwise and ethically unjustified. To this extent, stakeholder theory participates in a broader debate about business and ethics (Algas et al. 2006, Donaldson & Preston 1995) Descriptively, some research on stakeholder theory assumes that managers who wish to maximize their firm's potential will take broader stakeholder interests into account. This gives rise to a number of studies on how managers, firms, and stakeholders do in fact interact (Friedman 1970, Steiner & Steiner 1997).Stakeholder theory has been articulated in a number of ways, but in each of these ways stakeholders represent a broader constituency for corporate responsibility than stockholders (Friedman 1970, Steiner & Steiner 1997). In sharp contrast, according to stakeholder theory, managers should make decisions so as to take

Inequality Within Societal Settings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Inequality Within Societal Settings - Essay Example This paper aims to present an argument related to the unfair inequality among the members of society and solutions that can be given for reducing the measure of inequality. The inequality is the result of unequal distribution of financial wealth by the state to the individuals. Unequal division of wealth turns in low access to good health provisions and educational resources. The poor standards of education will be affecting the whole nation state adversely for a long period resulting in increasing levels of unemployment. Poor health facilities will be damaging the lives of the people and will be resulting in different kinds of social ills, including homicides, physical and mental problems of health, teenage pregnancies, increasing levels of theft and civil disobedience (Manza and Sauder). As per the statistics, it has been noted that the world inequality has been increased dramatically 1991 to 1993. These years were marked as unpredictable years for distribution of opportunities and income. The increase in the rate of inequality has become double the times in the contemporary world order (Raphael). Different empirical arguments have also suggested that the substantial inequality had adverse effects on the society and nation state. The famous writer on social issues, Richard Wilkinson also discussed such issues in its book â€Å"Impact of inequality.† He describes all the outcomes and effects of economic inequality. Wilkinson has also suggested that the major cause of all social evils is backed by inequality of economics (Wilkinson). The economic unevenness results in numerous unforeseeable and uncertain social, political, economical, and legal outcomes in direct and indirect ways. It can also be stated that the economic crunch that was faced by the world globally, was backed by economic inequality being one of the other reasons (Dijk). As the flood of money entered a zone that could not spent it again into the market successfully causing liquidation iss ues for the markets and industries. By the end of 20th century, due to technological and skills oriented employments and remuneration schemes, a massive change in the economic equality was experienced by nations, resulting in the considerable economic unevenness (Neckerman). There are a number of reasons that indicate and support, the idea of reduction in the levels of inequality, the levels of mortality can be reduced if a control, and balance over inequality is established. If an access to good health facilities, education, and valued good services is being provided to the people, the rates of mortality will start to fall automatically. For example as per the studies of Manza and Sauder, the rates of mortality are less due to low differences between poor and rich societies as the division of wealth is close to equal in those countries (Manza and Sauder). On the other hand, it can be argued that economic and technological development of a nation depends upon unequal division of wea lth among the societies and individuals. However, it is very much important to restrict the levels of inequality in the society. Aside from the empirical problems, some theoretical issues are experienced by the world. Such as an insight has to be developed about, the experiences faced by the low status individual and the stress countenanced by them in acquiring daily needs and wants

Study On Exxon Mobil Corporation Management Essay

Study On Exxon Mobil Corporation Management Essay Exxon Mobil Corporation is a multinational oil and gas company that is based in America. Its a descendant at of the Rockefellers standard oil company and it was formed in 1999 from the merger of the Exxon and Mobil companies. Its headquartered in Irving, Texas. The company is one of the worlds largest publicly traded companies and has been ranked the number one or number two for the last five years. By the end of the year 2007 the companys reserves stood at 72 million oil equivalent barrels while its production rates were expected to last for more than 14 years. The company has 37 oil refineries in more than 21 countries constituting a combined daily refinery of approximately 66.3 million barrels. Exxon Mobil is recognized as the worlds largest refineries and this title has been associated with the former standard oil since the in corporation in the 1870s. In addition to that the company is largest of the six recognized oil super majors. Exxon Mobil owns hundreds of other similar subsidiaries including the imperial oil limited in Canada and the sea river maritime which is a petroleum shipping company. Functionally the company is organized into several global operating categories including the upstream, down stream, chemical Exxon Mobil global services company, XTO and finally the imperial oil Core Business Exxon Mobil petroleum industry continue to operate as a major brand name of the Exxon Mobil and most of its products features the Mobils symbol of winged red rose, the Pegasus companys brand name since it got affiliated with the Magnolia petroleum company in 1930s. The company Mobil brands include the Mobil service station and fuel (diesel, gasoline, kerosene, heating oil, marine and aviation divisions. The Mobils brand covers a wider range of lubricants which include industrial, commercial aviation as well as marine. Another brand of the company is the Mobil 1 which is a brand Exxon Mobil which was introduced in 1974 and is includes, oil filters, multi-grade motor oils, transmission fluid, synthetic grease and finally the gear lubricants. In addition to that Mobil delvac is a brand consisting of range of heavy duty lubricants that include drive train lubricants, engine oils and greases. Some of the Exxon Mobil businesses that generate most of its revenue are the upstream division basically dealing with oil exploration, oil extraction, shipping as well as wholesale of its operations and headquartered in Houston Texas. The business operation dominates the companys cash flow and accounts for a whooping seventy percent of the total revenue. The upstream business division includes the Exxon Mobil exploration company, Development Company, Production Company, gas and power, marketing company, research marketing and finally the upstream ventures. Exxon Mobil has been successful for decades after the merger and this is attributed to its strategic plane to immensely reduce its costs which worked quite well making it one of the worlds leaders in business enterprises. Thee company has realised a continued growth and success in its operations partly because of its two century experiences in the industry and party to increased efficiency in all of its operations in more than 200 countries globally. Success of Exxon Mobil has been witnessed from the year 2007 which the company recorded an income of 40.62 billion dollars or revenue and this increase is mainly attributed to the escalating oil prices while at same time decreased actual oil equivalent by 1% mainly due to expropriation. In the year 2008 Exxon Mobil; recoded profits of $45.22 billion therefore becoming one of the profitable company of the year and fortune magazine ranks it the second of the 500 companies. Its profits in the year 2008 increased by 11.4 percent over the previous year 2007 making able to pull $443 billion in revenues. As of the year 2010 Exxon Mobil the company had already occupied five slots of the possible ten slots on the largest corporate annual earning. In addition to that it claimed eight slots of ten slots for the largest corporate quarterly earnings of all time. Corporate responsibility When it comes to issues regarding corporate responsibility Exxon Mobil oil industry has been a main contributor as it regards to environmental causes. For instance in the year 2007 the company donated more than $6.6 million to be utilized in social groups as well as the environmental management and conservation. The company has in the recent past come under heavily critism especial regarding its contribution to global warming and its has been often attacked by environmental lobby groups like the Greenpeace and other institutional investor who disagree with the companys attention on the issues of global warming. The company has been ranked by the political research institute as the sixth among other cooperation who emit air pollutants in United States and such tanking was based on quantity as well as the toxicity of such emission. In the year 2005 Exxon Mobil was found to have committed less than one percent of its profits in project targeted towards research for alternative sources o f energy a value which is less as compared to other leading oil companies in the world (Larson Wiggins, 1959). Crisis management Many companies have in one way or the other faced crises beyond their control but few fall under the corporate irresponsibility and Exxon Mobil has not in the recent past been spared either. In 1989 one of the companys Exxon Valdez oil tankers ran aground and spilled oil on the Prince William Sound and in short time it had spilled significant amounts of oil and is cause was blamed on intoxicated crew staff members. In reaction to that the company was blamed for being slow in curbing the crises and accused of refusing to communicate openly and effectively. In addition to that the showed no effective strategic measure in case of worst scenarios like the oil spill. The disaster led to massive oils spill resulting to greater environmental consequences. Mechanisms of the company in handling of the disaster were a failure mainly because of disastrous communications, poorer leadership after the events and ineffective systems in place to deal with such crises. Such dater led to damaged reput ation and slipped from the largest oil company in the world to the third position (Exxon Corporation, 1982). In addition to that the company has also face several other crises including the Exxons Brooklyn oil spill and the increasing environmental concerns of the Sakhalin-I oil and gas project located in Russian far east which is operated by one the Exxon Mobil subsidiary, Exxon Neftegas Limited. Threats to environment includes the endearment of the critical populations of the already endangered western Gray whale which the scientist have blamed the company for failing to corporate with the scientific panel which certainly play critical role in impeding the cause of western whale conservation (Larson Popple, 1971). Exxon Mobil has also been accused for funding sceptic organizations of the anthropogenic global warming as well as organization critical of the Kyoto protocol which are very sceptical of the scientific opinion regarding the cause of global warming by burning of fuels. The company however has in the recent years reputed his former opinion regarding the effects of global warming and stated appreciation to the seriousness of the issues. The companys commitment was evident when it withdrew from funding of sceptic groups in the year 2007 as revealed by the Greenpeace. In addition to that Exxon Mobil CEO Tillerson in February 3rd 2007 also acknowledged the warming of the earth and the increasing levels of carbon dioxide. Contrary to the companys initial adamant response to research on alliterative fuels the year 2010 saw a ray of light on the issue when the company unveiled plans to invest funds amounting to $600 million in the next ten years in the production of bio fuels from algae and one year on reports from the company indicate that the project is successfully underway (McIntyre, 1998). Strategy Exxon Mobil industry has been focusing its strategic plans to reach the merging markets attributed to increasing energy demand in the world for instance in Indian and china. In addition to that the company has also been focusing in penetrating into the increased energy demands in developing economies like the ones in south eats Asia as well as south east Asian regions like Malaysia, Korea, Indonesia and Vietnam (Gibb, Knowlton, 1956). Core strengths Exxon Mobil has several core strengths which has enabled it reaming a successful leader in the oils and gas industry for quite consistently. One of its strengths is its established name which is attributed to its long existence in the industry for mote than a decade hence giving its customers a since of security when they are dealing with the organization. The fact that the company has diversified in to many countries globally coupled with strong brands under its main umbrella group in the oil industry is one of its core strength sin successful operation of its business activities. In addition to the company has a global presence which has enabled it to have a large customer base and larger market as compared to other companies in the oil and gas industry. Final core strength that Exxon Mobil company posses in the industry is its ability to extend to newer emerging markets like India and china as a result of exponentially increasing demand for energy thus the company has greatly prof ited from the higher rates as compared to other companies. Company innovativeness Exxon Mobil Company ha sin the recent past been very innovative especially on the side of allocating funds on research and development projects aimed at coming up with more effective as well as efficient ways of managing the energy resources as well as reducing the negative effects of its operations to the environment. The company has also been very innovative on formulation and implantation of its strategic plans especially those geared towards adoption of new technology as well as improving its corporate citizenship through appropriate crisis management as well as communication management strategies which have served to alleviate past negative public image (Hidy Muriel, 1955). Vision, Mission, Goals Exxon Mobil Corporation is very committed to becoming the worlds premier petroleum and petrochemical company hence its continuous objectives of achieving superior and operating results while at same time being able to adhere to the high ethical standards. The stated principles are used by the company to guide its relationships with its shareholders, customers, communities and employees (Bender Tammy, 1999) The company is focusing on delivering reliable supply of high quality lubricants and to provide technical application expertise to its customers around the globe. In addition to that the company ahs always been dedicated to delivering of outstanding products and services to its customers and it has been able to achieve that through excellent practices and procedure that have helped in protection of the companys quality and world class brands across all the lines of its businesses. Employee motivation Exxon Mobil motivates its LS representatives by engaging them in numerous industry activities that are related to product performance standards and testing thus motivating them to strive from an industry level playing field with products integrity principles that are always consistent with the companys standards. Another way in which the company has been able to motivate its employees is by hiring competent and experience employees especially those who help further the company commitment to technology leadership in the industry. Employees include vast array of technical degree holders in science, engineering as well as in mathematics. Finally the company motivate its employees by conducting training and development to maximize on their opportunities while at same time maintaining a safe work environment which is enriched with diversity characterized by open communication, fair treatment and trust. Employer desirability: Given an opportunity I will be more than willing to work in the Exxon Mobil Corporation because their work staffs is well experienced and skilled personnel who are highly motivated in what they do thus reduced level of tress at work place. In addition to that the company has employee motivating activities like training that enable each an employee to advance in his career while becoming satisfied at work place.

Patricia MacLachlans Sarah, Plain and Tall :: Patricia MacLachlan Sarah Plain and Tall

Patricia MacLachlan's Sarah, Plain and Tall By telling you the story, Sarah, Plain and Tall, Patricia MacLachlan portrays the importance of family and allows you to see that by through a little bit of hope and wishing your happiness can be fulfilled. She shows you how personal sacrifices occur when forming a successful family. Overall, this book provides insight on how powerful and meaningful family life can be. In Sarah, Plain and Tall the concept of family is the base on which the book is written. The meaning of the word "family" becomes the center of the Witting's world. You learn at the beginning of the story that Anna and Caleb's mother had died after giving birth to Caleb. So when they both learned that Papa placed an advertisement in the newspaper for a wife and received a response they were very excited. "No one spoke when Papa finished the letter. He kept looking at it in his hands, reading it over to himself. Finally, I turned my head a bit to sneak a look at Caleb. He was smiling. I smiled, too" (10). Anna and Caleb had no reservations about meeting this lady they only knew by the name of Sarah. They both yearned to have a mother back in their life again. After Sarah arrives, Anna is very apprehensive that Sarah will not like being in this new place. "I shook my head, turning the white stone over and over in my hand. I wished everything was as perfect as the stone. I wished that Papa and Caleb and I were perfect for Sarah" (21). The Wittings soon try to make their home Sarah's home as well. "I slept, dreaming a perfect dream. The fields had turned to a sea that gleamed like the sun on glass. And Sarah was happy" (37). They soon start to question Sarah's happiness. Sarah often talks about how she longs for the sea, her brother, and her three old aunts. Sarah speaks to Maggie (who had also responded to a newspaper ad) and tells her about her sorrows. Maggie says, "There are always things to miss. No matter where you are" (40). Maggie then shows Sarah how she can relate to her new life by growing her own garden and gaining her independence back by learning to drive the wagon. After learning how to drive the wagon, Sarah decides to take a trip by herself.

Comparing 2 Cities

Bangkok and Seoul are well-known cities of Asia. Bangkok is the capital main commercial center of Thailand and Seoul is the capital main commercial center of South Korea. While they are different in many ways, they also have several similarities. This report will compare and contrast some of the economic, history, physical, population features of the two capitals. There are several similarities between the two cities. Firstly, both cities focus on manufactured business. Secondly, the finance and trade are the major industries of their economy.Thirdly, both of them have long histories. Seoul, is in fact, the older of the two cities. Seoul was founded in 1394 whereas Bangkok was founded in 1782. In contrast, the two cities have some significant differences in physical features. Firstly, Bangkok is much bigger than Seoul, occupying 1562 sq kms. On the other hand, Seoul is fairly small city, being only 627 sq kms. Secondly, the locations of Bangkok and Seoul is different. Bangkok, which is in central Thailand , is located on the banks of Chao Phraya River. It is about 22 kms from the river’s mouth.However, Seoul is located on banks of the Han River in north-western South Korea, about 3kms from the Port of Inchon. Finally, the population of the cities differ greatly in size and there is an important difference in their structure. Firstly, Seoul has just over ten million people whereas Bangkok has only 7. 5 million people. Secondly, the majority of the people in Bangkok is Thai with 75 percent and 25 percent people come to another countries including Chinese, Indian, Burmese, Khmer and Vietnamese. On the other hand, the main composition of people in Seoul is almost all Korean.

Marie Curie †Change Agent Essay

Marie Curie has been chosen as a change agent due to the fact that she was the first woman to win a Nobel prize. She studied radioactivity, â€Å"a term which she invented,† (1) and invented portable x-ray machines which were carried by vans to the wounded in the field during World War I. (2) Element 96 was named curium (Cm) in the honor of Pierre and Marie Curie. (3) She made important advancements in the area of science, as remembered by the Curie institute, which for a time she was director of. The institute was named for her because of all the advancements she had made during her studies, and the work she did at the institute itself. The change that she made was for education for women to be accepted, and for women working in science to be more acceptable in her time. Works Cited (1) http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95nov/curie.html (2) http://www.diplomatie.gov.fr/label_france/ENGLISH/SCIENCES/CURIE/marie.htm (3) http://www.student-consolidation.net/nobel-prize-winners/curie-sklodowska/curie-sklodowska.htm

JONES Surame Meaning and Origin

JONES Surame Meaning and Origin Jones is a patronymic surname meaning Jehovah has favored. Jones is a popular surname among European Christians, as the name John was bestowed in honor of St. John the Baptist and many other saints by the name John. JOHNSON is a common English version of this surname. Jones is the most common surname in Wales, where son of is denoted by the s ending. Jones is also the second most common surname in Australia and England, and the fifth most common American surname. Because most last names originate in multiple areas, the best way to learn more about your Jones last name is to research your own specific family history.  If you are new to genealogy, try these steps to begin tracing your family tree. If youre interested in learning more about the Jones Family Crest, then check out the article Family Coat of Arms - They Arent What You Think. Surname Origin:  English, Welsh Alternate Surname Spellings:  JOHNS   Ã‚  See also JOHNSON Fun Facts About the Jones Surname: The popular saying, Keeping up with the Joneses, was first developed by cartoonist, Arthur R. Pop Momand, for the comic strip by that name. It debuted in New York World magazine in 1916.   Some Early JONES Ancestors: William Jones - born about 1520 in Machen, Gwynllwg, Monmouth, Mid-Glamorgan, WalesHugh Jones - born abt. 1635 in England; settled in Salem, Massachusetts about 1650. Famous People with the Surname JONES: James Earl Jones - American Emmy and Tony Award-winning actor of stage and screenJohn Paul Jones - American Revolution CaptainMother Jones - Labor organizer Mary HarrisGeorge Jones - Country music legend Genealogy Resources for the Surname JONES: Search Strategies for Common Last NamesUse these strategies for locating ancestors with common names like Jones to help you research your JONES ancestors online. 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Jones Surname DNA ProjectThis diverse Jones DNA project has nearly 200 members from around the world. Ah, You Must Be a JonesAn interesting article on the origins of Wales most common surname - Jones. From The Big Issue Cymru, Cardiff, Wales, May 2008. Jones Name Meaning Family HistoryAn overview of the Jones surname meaning, plus subscription-based access to genealogical records on Jones families around the world from Ancestry.com. Jones Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Jones surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Jones query. FamilySearch - JONES GenealogySearch and access records, queries, and lineage-linked online family trees posted for the Jones surname and its variations. FamilySearch features over 31 million results for the Jones last name. DistantCousin.com - JONES Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Jones.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Discussion Many changes have occurred to the civil rights movement over the years. The changes reflect the period in which the people of color strived to gain their rights (Putnam, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on National Association for the Advancement of Colored People specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Every generation of the movements, such as; Underground Railroad, Abolitionist Movement, and Non-violent Advocates enhanced the efforts of the people of color to advance their rights (Paden, 2010). The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was established after realization that the best way of advancing equal rights was through the judicial system. NAACP safeguards civil liberties of all men and women in the US to make sure that social justice is adhered to. Fundamentally, human beings are made equal and endowed with unalienable rights by their creator. NAACP safeguards this fundame ntal belief (Paden, 2010) Besides the role of monitoring guarding constitutional rights of the coloreds, NAACP plays an influential role of bringing social and judicial changes in the US. It advances political, economic, educational and social equality of the rights of all people to remove racial prejudices. This mission is accomplished through the US judicial system. The NAACP leadership works against discrimination on racial grounds and crimes based on hate by ensuring that they are punished whenever they occur (Paden, 2010). This paper explains how NAACP uses its social capital influence to act in the US political system. This influence is exhibited through: NAACP†s composition; ability to argue issues before the federal court; emphasis on economic programs and initiatives for members; engagement in social programs; prioritization of anti-poverty policy; policy shift that targets low income earners; policy to remove employment barriers for formerly incarcerated; stable rela tionship with financial institutions; and its involvement in provision of quality education and reform.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Composition of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP is made up of local branches, Youth and College Chapters, national membership and Academic, Cultural, Technological and Scientific Olympics (ACT-SO) programs. This makes the organization to be one of the largest advocacy organization concerned with challenges plaguing African American families. With elaborately spread local volunteer infrastructure, the accumulated and organized wells of local credibility, expertise, and the ability to mobilize, the NAACP continues to be uniquely positioned to play a sustaining role in transformative change in the US political system. For instance: through its State Conferences and local volunteer leaders, NAACP was inst rumental in illegalizing the death penalty and racial profiling in 2009; successively lobbied for the passage of Racial Justice Act in North Carolina in 2009; in New York, members of NAACP assisted in enacting reforms which called for admission of drug addicts in rehabilitation centers; and in Florida, NAACP members assisted in reforming the state’s zero-tolerance school discipline policies (Paden, 2010). Additionally, the NAACP has a comprehensive process of retraining and maintaining its network branches in modern community organization and mobilization. By partnering with Midwest Academy, NAACP established a curriculum that aids the branches to realize their potential as local community organizers and advocates. The association also consists of youth councils, young adult councils and college and prison chapters across US. The group promotes significant programs at both national and local levels. Protection of civil rights and fostering of black economic development are it s primary areas of concern. In addition, the program represents organization’s commitment to fighting drugs, teen pregnancy and other social challenges that plague the black community (Paden, 2010). NAACP’s Ability to Argue Cases before the Federal Courts NAACP argues cases at the national level before the federal courts and lobbies for or against proposed laws and federal appointments. For instance, the association successfully blocked the appointment of judge Bork to the Supreme Court.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on National Association for the Advancement of Colored People specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is a clear indication of how NAACP mobilized its local branches and capitalized on its national supremacy. The group lobbied in Washington, lobbied, protested and testified as part of a major coalition: involving Congressional Black Caucus; Leadership Council on Civil rights; and the American Way. These groups represented minorities, women, labor and religious groups. At local levels, local branches throughout the country lobbied their Senators with cards, letters and phone calls opposing the nomination of judge Bork to the Supreme Court.(Paden, 2010). NAACP’s Emphasis on Economic Programs and Initiatives for its Members The NAACP puts more emphasis on economic programs and initiatives besides playing the primary role of monitoring civil rights and law enforcement. The association has had economic programs and policies to assist its members.   The national programs include: Fare Share and NAACP Economic Development Corp created to help growth and development of minority businesses. Fair Share seeks to enhance participation of blacks in policy making positions on the boards of major corporations, encourage promotions among blacks in management level positions in major corporations, implement an across the board affirmative action program that ensures aggressive recruitment, hiring and promotion of blacks at all levels in the corporate structure. For instance, NAACP managed to secure an agreement with Pacific Bell which increased its advertising with minority owned media by 63%. The program encouraged many companies to buy more products and services from minority vendors. This voluntary agreement has been signed by several firms including; Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corp, Walt Disney Productions Inc, Atlantic City Casino Association and others. NAACP’s Engagement in Social Programs It is also important to note NAACP’s social programs as a significant area of engagement. As NAACP settles to move into the future, the black population continues to be faced with many social problems that are central to the organization’s interest.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To exert more influence to its membership, NAACP engages in developing visible initiatives to address some of these social problems. These challenges have led the organization to adopt new priorities. For instance, new goals and directions were announced in 1987 at the National Convention. The new thrust of the group was to concentrate on the areas of self help, quality education, economic development, and self discipline. This was to be done by freeing communities of crime, drugs, teenage pregnancies and high school dropouts. These problems were addressed by another of workshops in the Convention. For instance, NAACP women’s auxiliary established programs to reduce teenage pregnancy. In addition, NAACP sponsors Afro–American Cultural, Technological and Scientific Olympics and Back to School/Stay-In-School programs to encourage black youth towards greater academic excellence. The NAACP used to direct economic and social problems facing blacks and minorities to other gr oups, such as National Urban League. The group used to be reluctant to engage into such issues as crime, teen pregnancy and illiteracy as they were outside the organization’s initial scope and would spread their scarce resources. In away, this aspect reduced their power of influence over its membership. Later, however, NAACP made affirm commitment to social programs. To fulfill these, the group engaged in efforts to expand its resource base through drives to attract both individual and corporate support (Paden, 2010).. NAACP’s Prioritization of Anti-Poverty Policy The founding bylaws of NAACP established the association as a highly centralized one whose activities would be implemented by local branches. NAACP was centralized from the beginning and the national body maintained control over branches and membership. In the early 1960s, NAACP became increasingly worried about losing its members to other organizations as civil rights movement picked up steam. The group also risked losing public’s perception of being the preeminent civil rights organization. NAACP had come under criticism for catering to the interests and of the middle and upper classes. This perception and reputation made the group to be particularly concerned with maintaining its relevance to the movement as poverty became an increasingly important issue for civil rights organizations (Paden, 2010).. NAACP’s Policy Shift to Target Low Income Earners The recruitment strategies of other civil rights group became of great concern to NAACP. The group became more concerned with its image as an elite, top down organization as the number of active civil rights groups continued to grow. These new civil rights groups were directly appealing to low income African Americans and stressed the significance of their participation in civil rights struggle. This competition had direct implications for NAACP’s recruitment strategies. The group addressed its image concerning the di rection it took in relation to political action and the masses. It had to move away from over-dependence on the middle class membership. It found the importance of reaching out to a greater number of African Americans. To get closer to the masses, the group targeted simplification of strategies which enhanced awareness. For instance, NAACP instructed all its local branches to request representation on Community Action Program (CAP) boards to maintain the groups visibility as the preeminent civil rights organization. The policy directions to branches were occasioned by the group’s desire to maintain its viability as a civil rights organization for all African Americans (Paden, 2010). NAACP’s Policy to Remove Employment Constraints for the Formerly Incarcerated NAACP also has well established policy of enlisting individuals leave U.S. prisons each year. Since the black community continues to face unique problems poised by those from incarceration yet encounter constraint s to re-entry back to society. These individuals are plagued with numerous constraints such as housing and employment, winning back custody of their children, voting, getting personal loans and obtaining other primary resources necessary for them to rebuild their lives. In 2009, for instance, NAACP developed an employment strategy designed to remove the unnecessary barriers to employment for formerly incarcerated people. The aim was to ensure unnecessary freeze on employment do not hinder qualified people of color a chance to participate in gainful work. The aim was also to encourage better living standards and to prevent discrimination against formerly incarcerated people as they are seeking to rebuild their lives through employment. The group works in concert with public and private sector employers in determining pragmatic solutions to this problem (Paden, 2010). NAACP’s Relationship with Financial Institutions The NAACP also strives to enhance relationship between financi al institutions and the people of color and other disadvantaged minorities. The group advocates for fairness and transparency in the criteria of acquiring quality loans from financial institutions. NAACP also uses its social capital to act in the US political system through advocacy on their economic inclusion. The group is engaged in ongoing programs that monitor and encourage corporate and industry diversity. It also enhances the business strategy of diversity in public and private employment across America including: establishing taskforces aimed at developing strategies to assist largest employers to cease discrimination especially against formally incarcerated individuals; establishing measures of fairness and diversity such as Economic Reciprocity Initiative report cards with respect to employment and wealth creation avenues for the coloreds; opening gateway to leadership among its membership through summer internship program. NAACP partners with the Money Management Institute in this initiative meant to prepare undergraduates from Black Colleges and Universities for leadership roles in the banking industry; and initiation of Madison Avenue Project to eliminate discrimination against coloreds in advertising sector to enhance diversity and equality (Paden, 2010). NAACP Involvement in Provision of Quality Education and Sector Reforms The NAACP recognizes that education defines civil and human rights issues of our time. Many schools in America continue to enhance segregation and do not prepare children to be reliable citizens. The NAACP reasserted its presence nationally in 2009 in education reform by advancing an agenda to improve education quality while bridging racial disparities in access and outcomes that existed. The plan assisted members of the educational community address the challenges in schools at every level of government and to build coalitions with an invigorated sense of clarity and hope. Through these comprehensive plan, the country tackled education disparities by addressing issues such as; quality of teachers, student career readiness, equitable resources, and others (Paden, 2010). To date, the NAACP continues to advance key education programs in communities throughout the US, including: offering support and training to communities throughout the country, ensuring equitable distribution of education resource, and guard against racially disparate use of school discipline policies and teacher quality; enabling minority students access to gifted and talented educational programs; and increase the number of African American board certified teachers in schools throughout the US through an elaborate partnership with National Board of Professional Teacher Certification (Paden, 2010). Conclusion In sum, NAACP has an elaborate well established membership across the US. The group advocates for key cardinal issues that are fundamental to development of colored people. Besides being the custodian of constitutional rights of Afr ican Americans and minorities, NAACP plays influential role of establishing social and judicial reforms in the US. It also advances political, economic, educational and social equality of the rights of all people to remove racial bias. This mission is accomplished through the US judicial system. The NAACP leadership works against discrimination on racial grounds and crimes based on hate by ensuring that they are punished whenever they occur. The paper has identified several issues that NAACP has sought to influence, including: issues of discrimination in social, economic, political, education, employment, and others. Reference List Paden, C. (2010). Civil Rights Advocacy on Behalf of the Poor. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania University Press. Putnam, R. D. (2000), Bowling alone :The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Simon Schuster, New York.

Angle of Vision

I see and hear many things happening around me. I am close to many other people and the doorways to various stores. As the people walk by me there Is a small gust of wind from behind them that feels like when a car drives by you on the road. This place Is so very calm. A few people sit down next to me, and they all chat quietly while drinking Struck. Everyone that is walking through the lounge and talking with their friends seems to be having a good time Just hanging out.Most people are smiling. I hear people whispering and laughing. One student walks quickly with an unhappy look on his face. Some people are sitting here listening to their pod and studying. The quiet buzz from their pods is calming. With everything going on in this one single room it still seems very quiet and peaceful to This room Is so noisy I cant even stand to be In here. Someone spilled their drink all over the floor. It made a huge mess. It looks Like It has Just rained Inside the building since there Is a huge puddle now.Some of the drink landed on the wall and Is now running down the wall Just Like a drop of rain. It has gotten really noisy with any people walking through to go to dinner. They are stomping down the stairs as a herd of elephants would walk through the plains. Someone gets bumped when they are walking down the stairs and yells. People are talking loudly to their friends and laughing. As the crowd of people move downstairs not many people are left. Most people are starting to leave.There are very few people in here now and most are headed to their room to go to study, relax, or sleep. The quiet is so different from all of the noise earlier. Analysis I decided to use Sheen Lounge as my observation spot because It seemed Like a alma and place to sit where I could observe the surroundings. There are many businesses, people, and places to sit inside Morris so it felt as a very dominant place to make observations. With people going through here to go to lunch or dinner or just to go to classes it was an extremely busy setting.I used a several different strategies in my essays. I used figurative language in my essay quite frequently. When I talked about someone spilling their drink all over the floor and it running down the wall, I said that it looked like it had rained all over the room. I also used a simile in my essay. When I talked about how it got really noisy inside this certain room I said it sounded like a herd of elephants walking through the plains. In my positive view I used the couches as my focus point. This Is where I sat and observed everything that happened.As I said In my positive view everyone walking through with their friends having a good time was also another focus point for me. Another example is the unhappy student. This is an example of word choice. Noise it almost seemed impossible to focus on what I was doing at the time. Now that I look back on it I dont know how people do homework in the lounge during the day. I used a good example or word choice in my negative view. I said that it has gotten really noisy and it sounds like elephants running through the plains.This gives me a very vivid visual picture in my mind. Now that my views are stated I want to end by saying that the Sheen Lounge is not the best place to observe or the best place to do anything except be loud and playful. Using sentence structure, word choice and simile shows exactly what you want the audience to see. By changing around a word it could be taken as positive or negative. In conclusion you always have to capture a mental picture for your audience, otherwise they wont know what you are talking about.

Xculture Project- Disneyland in Dubai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Xculture Project- Disneyland in Dubai - Essay Example First of all, Disneyland can benefit from a stable politics since a government that has good reputation in the world market is one factor that can affect the inflow of foreign investors and tourists. By examining the political stability of each chosen country, it is possible to detect which among the three chosen countries is the best place to expand the business. Strategic location is very important when selecting the best place to expand the business. To benefit from economies of scale, Disneyland should select a country that is located far away from other Disneyland’s existing amusement parks. With the use of effective geographic strategies, the company will benefit from being able to make its products and services readily available to all people around the world. The economic stability of a country also matters when it comes to selecting the best place. In most cases, a stable economy readily invites more people from different countries to visit the country. Aside from having a relatively low crime rate, the presence of an economic stability will also give the tourists more reasons to visit the country. In this study, three countries where Disneyland is not yet operating include Dubai, the Philippines, and India. As compared to India, Dubai and the Philippines have a strong political stability (Biswas, 2012; Government of Dubai, 2012; Morella, 2012). During the past century, Dubai is globally known for having a stable political environment and low crime rate (Government of Dubai, 2012). With regards to fighting graft and corruption, the political stability of the Philippines was recently made possible under the strong leadership of President Benigno Aquino (Morella, 2012). Graft and corruption in India is still very rampant (Biswas, 2012). In terms of having a high inflation rate and economic growth, the economic stability of India is not good (Biswas, 2012). Therefore, it is best to immediately disregard this country in the business expansion plan of Disneyland. Between the Philippines and Dubai, it is important to consider the geographic location and economic stability of these t wo countries. Specifically the economic stability of Dubai attracts not only new foreign investors but also more tourists (Government of Dubai, 2012). Because of political stability, the Philippines was recently reported to have a 6.1% growth rate as of the first quarter of 2012 (Harjani, 2012). Since the economic status of the Philippines and Dubai are both positive in terms of economic growth rate, it is best on the part of the company to consider the strategic location of these two countries. Aside from being close to the Africa, Dubai is situated between the Far East and Europe (Government of D

Comparing and Contrast of the Leadership Styles Research Paper

Comparing and Contrast of the Leadership Styles - Research Paper Example Participative leaders are those who believe in democracy, â€Å"This style involves the leader including one or more employees in the decision making process (determining what to do and how to do it). However, the leader maintains the final decision making authority. Using this style is not a sign of weakness; rather it is a sign of strength that your employees will respect.† (Leadership Styles) Leaders who delegate authority always take a risk but it endears them to their employees because employees want to be a part of the decision making process. This has pros and cons but works out well because employees put in extra when they realize that they are wanted and an important part of the organization. â€Å"Jon Howell in an interview with Sun-News (January 29, 2001: 7) states "A leaders' behavior must match the situation, and the news of his or her followers." And his summary is very appropriate here: Leader effectiveness is determined by what people do, not by some inherent personal characteristic... I'm not saying personal characteristics don't help; they certainly do. But leaders have to adapt their behavioral styles to fit the situations in which they find themselves" (p. 7).   Howell says the good news is most people can learn leader behaviors and learn to recognize situations in which certain behaviors are most important.   Howell and Costley (2001) argue for the match of leader behavior, leader traits and characteristics, follower characteristics, and the situation at hand.   And there are seven leader types, fit for various behavioral processes and situations in my read of their leader theory: 1. Supportive Leaders (those considerate, people oriented leaders). 2. Directive Leaders (fit for repetitive or work spread between sites and for cultures such as Mexico that prefer status well defined. 3. Participative Leaders such as Dwight Eisenhower who could tame the Primadonna generals and politicians of WWII, and by careful listening to many v oices craft an alliance.   4. Reward and punishment leaders (transactional). 5. Charismatic (heroic) leaders 6. Boundary spanning (network) leaders 7. Leaders who build and forge social exchange (also networkers).   And now we have left the obsession with one best style of leadership. There is no universal style. There is as I have suggested, a dimension of behaviors running between Transactional and Transformational. The behavior school to this point is fixated on the transactional. To find transformational we must sail to the Isle of Situation.† (Howell and Costley). The same principles of Howell and Costley are elucidates in the paper. Core leadership behaviors Every behavior pattern has its own pros and cons. But the behavior pattern which works out the best is undoubtedly participative leadership. In this the terms and conditions are made very clear to the employees, any breach of these terms and conditions result in punishment, on the other hand if the employee perfo rms well, he/she is rewarded suitably for his/her work. This is probably the best behavior pattern, simply because everything is made crystal clear to the employees. The harder the employee works more will be his/her chances of getting rewarded. This pattern also has some risks involved like if an employee is punished for some mistake, the employee may leave the organization or

Sport clothing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sport clothing - Essay Example According to NoÃŒ voa & DrăGoicea, (2015, p. 207), sport technology represents a specific type of means to recognize human interests and aims in sport. Sport technology can also refer to the ways in which athletes tend to improve their training in a competitive environment for them to enhance their overall performance. Use of technology in sports involves application of knowledge in using specialized equipment and tools and making use of the available improved technologies to perform tasks more effectively and efficiently. Sporting technologies available include, tennis rackets, pole-vault poles, golf clubs, motion capture, advanced computer stimulations and athletic sports gear such as clothing and footwear. Use of technology in sports is viewable in many perspectives. For instance, technology use exists in the assessment of athletes through biometric sensors, laser-based speed timing and a number of medical technologies. Sports teams and athletes have benefited from the use of technology through better film breakdowns for study, competitive scouting efforts, and statistical reporting. Technology assists in sports competition through instant replays and sensors that help sporting officials decide on whether a ball crosses a line into a goal. This happens in hockey punks and in soccer balls. Fans also benefit in technology through improvements in camera techniques and video display technology (Cremades & Tashman, 2014, p.183). To enhance the athlete’s performance, sports gear such as the clothing and footwear should be friendly and should be of valuable quality in terms of strength thickness, flexibility, durability and resistance to moisture. Footwear is more of a comfort and injury protection wear than a performance enhancing wear in sports. On the contrary, clothing like full body suits streamlines the athletes performance period in a competitive race. Composite tennis racket relates to sporting equipment designed to

Deforestation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Deforestation - Article Example The limitation of deforestation outweighs its benefits and, therefore, the activity should be stopped at all cost. There are various effects of deforestation that can be witnessed in the world today. Cutting down of trees interferes with the water cycle, causes loss of forest species, results in soil erosion and decreasing the quality of life (Lewellen, 643). Trees tend to hold the soil together and therefore without them, and soil is often carried away by rivers and other water bodies. Accumulation of this land in water bodies causes siltation and reduces their qualities. Less forest cover results to flooding and landslide issues that are all connected to soil erosion. Trees often produce water vapor after absorbing rainwater.  The water vapor is later released to the atmosphere that then forms into clouds that result in rainfall. Additionally, over 70% of animals and plants live in forests. The trend is however changing as a result of continuous destruction of forest land by peop le all over the world. Loss of habitat can lead to extinction of various animal species. Given the many advantages associated that are associated with forests, countries all over the world should come up with strategies that will prevent continuous destruction of tree cover by setting up policies aimed at protecting forest land. Countries that have less forest cover should come up with initiatives that will help restore new tree cover in various parts of the country. Countries around the world should be able to come up with various strategies.

Evaluation of the Long-term Strategy of Starbucks Company in China Essay

Evaluation of the Long-term Strategy of Starbucks Company in China - Essay Example This essay delivers critical assessment of the plans of Starbucks company to strengthen its China operations with the help of the PESTEL analysis utilization. Globalisation of production and investment in recent years has led to a situation where long-term capital inflows from advanced economies to developing economies is taking place at a rapid pace. No doubt this has contributed immensely to the economic growth and development of these nations. In this process while on the one hand global knowledge is being used locally, at the same time local societies too are moving towards a knowledge society with an increased level of locally produced knowledge. It is still widely believed about the developing world that most of the knowledge and the transition societies are produced outside the region. The later half of the 20th Century saw dramatic growth in industrial production and in the mass consumption in developing nations. The Starbucks company was found in 1971 in Seattle’s Pike Place Market today it has its presence in 36 countries outside United States. It is offering more than 30 blends and single origin coffees, hand-crafted espresso and blended beverages. Company’s mission statement says, â€Å"Establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow.† Having established itself as the world’ leading brand, the company now wants to strengthen its market in China, a big consumer market, the land of billions and vast opportunities. ... Growth of industrial output in countries like China and India during this period was robust and to some extent the process of catching-up also began in the technological field (Linsu Kim, 1997). The process is thus called "imitation to innovation" approach. Well Starbucks, the coffee can only be enjoyed in the cool company of a friend, while relaxing after a days' work, or while preparing oneself for the day full of assignments. It's not like any other product or service, which we can order on its e-business website. But nonetheless, the company has an attractive presence on the net with http://www.starbucks.com/ which informs the coffee lovers about the varieties and processes available with Starbucks. The website basically has the following sections; Our Coffees: This section tells about the range of Starbucks coffees and company's expertise on the subject. With a details menu of its varieties available in Latin America, Africa, Arabia, Asia and some multi regional blends, the site encourages the visitor to at least have a look at it in any one of its locations. Our Stores: This tab spills the beans about different locations where the patrons of coffee can have a go at it. Starbucks Card: The Company also issues 'Starbucks card' to its customers, which serves as a means of rewarding the loyal customer. This is a co-branded card with Visa and calls on the consumers to earn more and more Starbucks "Duetto Dollars" with every Visa purchase through this card. At Home: Here the site gives us information about how we can enjoy Starbucks at home with little help from our nearby store. For Business: This section calls for business opportunities with other corporate clients and how one can open a Starbucks coffee outlet with the

Business Process Integration Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Process Integration - Coursework Example In fact, the Internet offers the businesses a lot of opportunities to grow. It allows the businesses to reach the international markets and the worldwide customers without facing geographical restrictions and cost issues, improve business service and support, access to worldwide communications, reform associations, streamline internal procedures, share private data and information and run applications (Simpande & Jakovljevic, 2003; Norton, 2001; Shelly et al., 2005) Basically, the most excellent method to deal with determined business software issues is to remove the old stuff and bring in the innovation. In spite of the demand to put extra messes on the legacy or traditional enterprise resource planning (ERP) technology based system and keep the software applications and projects for another day, the idea is that software technology evolves very quickly as well as innovative EP tools emerges in critical regions like that accessibility, corporate process automation, business intellig ence and integration with new tools like that social CRM or mobile devices can help business organizations to improve their business processes. In this scenario, the latest delivery models like that software as a service (or simply SaaS), hosted Enterprise Resource Planning or innovative technologies like that open source ERP systems can dramatically change IT procedures as well as positively influence corporate performance. Though, latest business software applications and their deployments are for all time a major concern, however they come with a wide variety of risks, mainly when we are talking about our ERP systems. In addition, they are not small systems as they are corporate mission critical technologies that communicate nearly with each transaction in the corporation (gotERP, 2012; Weston, 1998; Simpande & Jakovljevic, 2003). In light of the above discussed facts, the selection of suitable Enterprise Resource Planning system is no longer simply a matter of choosing the corre ct vendor similar to SAP vs Microsoft vs. Sage etc. In the past, there was a standard process to get business licenses for software and then obtain the software services installation disks via email. On the other hand, at the present, we have a wide variety of delivery models of ERP technology. In addition, all the models do not support all the services however the majority can focus simply on one (gotERP, 2012; Weston, 1998; Simpande & Jakovljevic, 2003). In this scenario, one of the latest Internet supported ERP systems is cloud computing. Basically, the cloud computing is a most latest information technology fashion that many business organizations are adopting because of its environmental aspects, money savings, mobility, scalability and energy effectiveness. Basically, the cloud computing allows organizations or individuals to access all their tools, applications and files from anyplace on the earth, as a result releasing them from the limitations of the desktop and allowing wi despread group partnership (Modavi, 2010; Miller, 2009). In addition, a public cloud based ERP solution is possessed and remotely hosted by the vendor. In many cases, instead of taking the license for the entire software, organizations pay a fee for the services they want to use, it is a software licensing model known as SaaS. In this scenario,

Evaluation of the Long-term Strategy of Starbucks Company in China Essay

Evaluation of the Long-term Strategy of Starbucks Company in China - Essay Example This essay delivers critical assessment of the plans of Starbucks company to strengthen its China operations with the help of the PESTEL analysis utilization. Globalisation of production and investment in recent years has led to a situation where long-term capital inflows from advanced economies to developing economies is taking place at a rapid pace. No doubt this has contributed immensely to the economic growth and development of these nations. In this process while on the one hand global knowledge is being used locally, at the same time local societies too are moving towards a knowledge society with an increased level of locally produced knowledge. It is still widely believed about the developing world that most of the knowledge and the transition societies are produced outside the region. The later half of the 20th Century saw dramatic growth in industrial production and in the mass consumption in developing nations. The Starbucks company was found in 1971 in Seattle’s Pike Place Market today it has its presence in 36 countries outside United States. It is offering more than 30 blends and single origin coffees, hand-crafted espresso and blended beverages. Company’s mission statement says, â€Å"Establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow.† Having established itself as the world’ leading brand, the company now wants to strengthen its market in China, a big consumer market, the land of billions and vast opportunities. ... Growth of industrial output in countries like China and India during this period was robust and to some extent the process of catching-up also began in the technological field (Linsu Kim, 1997). The process is thus called "imitation to innovation" approach. Well Starbucks, the coffee can only be enjoyed in the cool company of a friend, while relaxing after a days' work, or while preparing oneself for the day full of assignments. It's not like any other product or service, which we can order on its e-business website. But nonetheless, the company has an attractive presence on the net with http://www.starbucks.com/ which informs the coffee lovers about the varieties and processes available with Starbucks. The website basically has the following sections; Our Coffees: This section tells about the range of Starbucks coffees and company's expertise on the subject. With a details menu of its varieties available in Latin America, Africa, Arabia, Asia and some multi regional blends, the site encourages the visitor to at least have a look at it in any one of its locations. Our Stores: This tab spills the beans about different locations where the patrons of coffee can have a go at it. Starbucks Card: The Company also issues 'Starbucks card' to its customers, which serves as a means of rewarding the loyal customer. This is a co-branded card with Visa and calls on the consumers to earn more and more Starbucks "Duetto Dollars" with every Visa purchase through this card. At Home: Here the site gives us information about how we can enjoy Starbucks at home with little help from our nearby store. For Business: This section calls for business opportunities with other corporate clients and how one can open a Starbucks coffee outlet with the

Diversity and Cross Cultural Differences in Work places Essay Example for Free

Diversity and Cross Cultural Differences in Work places Essay Diversity and Cross-Cultural Differences in Workplaces Introduction            Different people have different mental structures due to the diverse type of personality and cultural background. The study of psychology has enabled people to know about the mental functioning of others making it easier individuals and groups to understand one another. Since people must interact in the day-to-day activities, there is need to harmonize this differences and create an environment where every member feel a sense of belonging. Psychological counseling plays an important role in preparing individuals to be more appreciative the cultural and personality difference existing between people. Psychology counseling is a field of psychology focusing on the personal and interpersonal working and on the emotional, social and health related issues of individuals and groups of people. This paper addresses issues arising from interaction of people with differences culture and behaviors. It also focuses on criminal investigation process in the psychological perspective.            Key words: psychopathology, personality, behavioral therapy, individualistic, diversity Diversity and Cross-Cultural Differences in Workplaces            Every individual is characterized by a unique pattern of thoughts, behaviors and feeling that contribute to individual’s psychological structure. Despite the fact that each individual is unique in personality resulting in diversity in peoples’ way of lives, people have always found themselves in crowds- be it in schools, places of worship, or any other social, political or economic gathering. Leininger and McFarland (2006) writes that the need to coexist in harmony compels persons to sometimes subordinate individual goals so that they can accomplish the goals of a group. Those individuals who are not mentally ready to accept the cultural and personality diversity between different people often find it hard to coexist with others.            Psychopathology has enabled counseling psychologist to understand the various aspects of one’s mental structure including genetic and biological issues. Psychologists are able to identify people who undergo atypical or disordered development from those with normal or typical development. It is paramount for coworkers to be aware of their colleagues’ mental structure so as to engage in the right way with them. This is crucial for the creation and maintenance of a healthy and productive working environment that is composed of persons with diverse personalities. In such a set up where workplace colleagues have to cope with different personality traits, one may find it hard to maintain a stable mental behavior and physical emotions and may suffer from maladjustment in case one is in a new environment. Counseling psychologists help such persons to alleviate distress and improve their wellbeing (Woolfe Dryden, 1996). They also provide patients with assessm ent and treatment of psychological issues.            Through behavioral analysis, one is able to systematically analyze another person’s or one’s own behavior so as to know cause of certain behaviors and consequently improve social interaction. Bad behaviors can be corrected or good behaviors adopted or through behavioral therapy. This is a method that is used bypsychotherapists and psychiatrists to treat mood disorders an anxiety usually caused by variables such as; social phobia, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and bipolar disorder. According to Lesilie (2008), behavioral treatment techniques include;Role playing, discussing about coping mechanisms, breathing and relaxation method, activities to promote focus, modifications to anger, pain or fear, social skills training, positive reinforcement.            These methods focus on individuals shaping their behavior to cope with the environment. When individuals with behavioral disorders try to change their behaviors to suit that required in the workplaces, they often find themselves struggling to relate with the others and this leads to seclusion and isolation. On the other hand behavioral therapy should focus aiding individuals acquire control over their own behavior and blending it with the requirements of the workplace. This is important because one manipulates the environmentand learns to control their own behavior without compromising their personality which is vital for maximum productivity. With one’s own personality, the reception of stimuli and the response is not affected and therefore there are no negative consequences influencing the next occasion in the brain (Lesilie, 2008).            Persons who find it hard to conform to workplace ethics due to cultural mismatches should set standards for assessing their own performance and progress in behavioral therapy. Techniques such as self-management, self-control and self-regulation are used to monitor one’s progress (Woolfe Dryden, 1996). Behavioral modification procedures are not procedures to punish those people with different behaviors but they are techniques to eliminate non-conforming working behaviors and also facilitate cross-cultural understanding. The make the workplace to feel better and builds a sense of satisfactory. For psychologists to offer the relevant advice to a person suffering from mental disorder, they must first find out the patients’ personality and understand how they think, feel, relate, influence and get influenced by others.            For applied social psychologists to attend to a patient they must try to adopt the personality of the patient so that they can employ the best techniques to treat a patient without affecting the patients personality. In this perspective the psychologist is able to develop development strategies that are aimed at improving the important aspects, programs and policies for the patient to have a positive recovery. Psychologists should aim at eliminating the negative attitude that a patient may have towards colleagues or the workplace. This is aimed at improving intercultural understanding and to offer a neutral platform where no culture is viewed as less or more important than the other. With cross-cultural understanding people will tend to be more committed to working together improving productivity.            Nevertheless, cultural competence is healthy for the growth of an organization that comprises of people from diverse cultures (Leininger McFarland, 2006). This should not be overshadowed by the tendency to express cultural superiority over others but should demonstrate the ability to effectively engage in cross-cultural dialogues without intimidating or negating another person’s culture. This requires one to appreciate social psychology and be in a position to balance between positive and negative criticism on another person’s culture. Since not all people are equipped with the understanding of social psychology, training on cultural competence should be conducted to avoid such problem from arising. Some cultures are individualistic while others are communists and this play a big role in defining how coworkers exist. This necessitates the need for effective cross-cultural team-building and training.            As colleagues engage in affairs of the workplaces, each and every one of them is entitled to a certain opinion which one would like to support. If such a situation gets tense, certain body changes occur such as breathing rates and emotional changes if certain people are intimidating others for decisions to go their way. Such a phenomenon may result in one becoming uncontrollable or violent. Biological psychology is concerned with balancingwhat the mind is processing and the effects it has on the body. It analyses how ones behaviors and thoughts are affected by the brain and neurotransmitters. Various neurotransmitters have different effects on the body. For instance, neurotransmitter dopamine is responsible for movement and learning. Varying quantities of excess or too little of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the body results in disorders such as schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease respectively. (Woolfe Dryden, 1996).The comprehensive nature of bio-psyc hology encompasses diversity and cross-cultural aspects of an organization. A bio-psychologist will reconcile individuals or groups of people that are not in agreement resulting in abnormal behaviors. When addressing such a conflict a bio-psychologist figures out in which area of bio-psychology the problem is. The following are the main areas of bio-psychology; sensation and perception, emotion, learning and memory, motivated behavior and control of movement (Woolfe Dryden, 1996). Through these areas, bio-psychological problems and concerns are addressed.            Another area of psychology is the forensic psychology – an area that deals with the relationship between psychology and law. When a crime occurs, a criminal investigative process takes place in order to determine the offender, motive and to allow the right punishment if any to be given to the offender. The investigation involves investigative psychologist who explores the relationships between the offender and the nature of the crime that has been committed. The investigation process has the following major areas; investigating the crime, gathering evidence, use of technology, search and seizure, arresting and charging the offender who may also undergo detention and interrogation (Simon, 2012). Throughout this process forensic psychologists are involved as they help to establish a connection between an offender and the crimes committed. Essentially the forensic psychologist offers the following services during investigation process: evaluating the risks of r eoffending by the offender, child custody evaluation, recommending the length of the sentence to be handed to the offender, competence evaluation and testimony as an expert witness.            Simon (2012) says that throughout this period from crime commission to when the sentence is passed, a forensic psychologist will engage with the suspected offended in an attempt to get insight on the motive behind the offence. In some cases, the offender may be suffering from a mental disorder and it is the duty of the psychologist to psychological expertise to provide analysis and recommendations in the criminal case. In addition a psychiatrics’ examination is required to determine whether the offender/suspect suffers from a mental illness an opinion that is taken to be of very high value by the court since it might require the court to charge the offender as a mentally challenged person and this also influences the type of prison the offender is to serve the sentence. In conclusion psychological is an aspects great and delicate influence on the diversity and cross cultural differences existing in workplaces. Coworkers should work towards enhancing intercul tural understanding and acceptance. References Leininger, M.M. McFarland, R.M. (2006). Culture Care Diversity and Universality: A Worldwide Nursing Theory. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Lesilie, C.J. (2008). Principles of Behavioral Analysis. Hove, UA: Psychology pr.Simon ,D. (2012). In Doubt. The Psychology of the Criminal Justice Process. Cambridge, CB: Havard University Press.Woolfe, A, Dryden, W. (1996). Handbook of Counseling Psychology. Oxfordshire, OS: Carfax International Publishers. Source document

Childhood Obesity as a Global Epidemic

Childhood Obesity as a Global Epidemic Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and its prevalence is increasing e.g. In america, direct measures of body mass and height obtained through the national health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes) indicate that approximately 15% of 6 19 year olds were classified as overweight in 1999 2000. This value was up approximately 5% from 1988 to 1994 (ogden cl,p1728) All of the literature refers to similar statistics regarding childhood obesity. The list below gives some examples of the data available from the different sources. obesity has more than doubled between 1990 and 2000 in britain. one in 10 six year olds (8.5%) are obese. one in six (15%) 15 year olds is obese. if the current trends continue, one fifth of boys and one third of girls will be obese by  2020. Obesity is measured using the body mass index (bmi) for an individual. This is measured through a calculation relating height to weight and age, and there are agreed figures for obesity. 2 INTRODUCTION Obesity is measured using the body mass index (BMI), for an individual. This is measured through a calculation relating height to weight and age, and there are agreed figures for obesity. Childhood obesity is becoming a worldwide problem. All the articles that were reviewed highlight the rising levels but also look into health and school policies to tackle the problem. All the articles also support family focused approach for influencing dietary habits of the children, as well as support and involvement of the communities. Diseases which were only diagnosed in adults are now also diagnosed in the children, e.g. Heart diseases, diabetes, some cancers, hypertension and dyslipidemia. (vitale, e: 2010) Children are not fully responsible for their own health choices and rely on adults to protect and nurture them. (vitale, e : 2010). In South Africa overweight and obesity are not restricted to only one population group or socio-economic group. The South African youth risk behaviour study (www.mrc.ac.za/healthpromotion.htm) showed that overweight and obesity are very common in all age groups. 3 ARTICLES REVIEWED Vitale, E. (2010). A School Nursing approach to childhood obesity: an early chronic inflammatory disease. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 32(1), 5-16 Berg, Frances M. (2004). Underage Overweight: Americas Childhood Obesity Crisis What Every Family Needs to Know. Preventing Chronic Disease Public Health Research, Practice, and Policy, New York:Hartherleigh Press 464 p Kristen, R. Howard. (2007). Childhood Overweight: Parental Perceptions and Readiness for Change. The Journal of School Nursing, 23(2), 73-79 Armstrong, M E G, Lambert, M I, Sharwood, K A, Lambert, E V, (2006). Obesity and overweight in South African primary school children the Health of the Nation Study. 11(2), 52-64 Steyn, N P. (2005). Managing childhood obesity: a Comprehensive Approach. CME 23(11), 540-543 Goedecke, Julia H, Jennings, Courtney L, Lambert, Estelle V. (1995-2005) Obesity in South Africa. Chronic Disease of Lifestyle 65-78 Ben-Sefer E, Ben-Natan M, Ehrenfeld M, (2009). Childhood obesity: current literature, policy and implications for practice. International Nursing Review 56, 166-173 Saunders Karen L, (2007). Preventing obesity in pre-school children: a literature review. Journal of Public Health 29(4), 368-375 Van Staveren, T and Dale, D (2004). Childhood Obesity: Problems and Solutions. JOPERD 75(7), 44-49 4 RESEARCH TITLE A good title should give insight into what (what was done), whom (it was done to) and how (it was done) Vitale, E. (2010). A School Nursing approach to childhood obesity: an early chronic inflammatory disease. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 32(1), 5-16 What (was done) A School Nursing Approach Whom (it was done to) Children with Obesity How (it was done) As a Nursing Approach can be observation or questionnaires The titles of the articles reviewed communicate an intent and findings of the research that was done for the articles. All the articles reviewed titles were specific enough to describe the contents of the research that was done, but not so technical that only specialists will understand it. The titles also describe the subject matter of the article e.g. a school nursing approach to childhood obesity: a chronic inflammatory disease. All the above mentioned literature research titles were very concise and descriptive. The titles also prick me as reader and motivated me to read the whole article. PURPOSE To discuss the current literature in relation to childhood obesity and to provide health practitioners, especially nurses, with the fundamental knowledge that is imperative in the recognition of children who are at risk and thereby tailor appropriate interventions. KEYWORDS The following words was used as keywords throughout the articles that was reviewed: childhood obesity, obesity, overweight, nursing, nursing program, chronic disease The terms obese, overweight, and at risk for overweight have not been used consistently in the research literature regarding children and adolescents. Children and adolescents identified as overweight have a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific BMI-for-age growth charts DEFINITIONS Childhood Obesity Is defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater as the 95th percentile. BMI = weight in kilograms à · height in meters2 The BMI of an individual is correlated to the total body fat and percentage body fat. Overweight in childhood According to the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), overweight in childhood is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile, based on the current growth chart designated for each gender. Overweight Overweight is generally defined as an excess of body mass (in practice this is mostly body fat), whereas obesity is defined as an abnormal excess of body fat. For this reason, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uses the terminology extreme overweight instead of obesity when estimates are based on relative weight indices (like the Body Mass Index, see below) rather than on direct measurement of body fat. Obesity Obesity is when there is too much body fat other than the fat tissue in our bodies. It is also defined as an excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass. RESEARCH PROBLEM Childhood obesity is a worldwide spread chronic disease. There are many factors contributing to this chronic disease e.g. genetics, environment,metabolism, lifestyle and behavioural components. Overweight or obesity during childhood in most of the industrialized world, a childhood obesity epidemic is evident, with the numbers rising each year. Obesity impacts many lives: male and female of all ages, races, economic background, and education status Why is obesity a chronic disease? Obesity is associated with high blood cholesterol, complications of pregnancy, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism (presence of excess body and facial hair), stress incontinence (urine leakage caused by weak pelvic-floor muscles), psychological disorders such as depression and increased surgical risk. It affects more than a quarter of the American population. Obesity may also causes other serious medical conditions e.g. cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, etc. LOGIC ARGUMENTATION Examining the work of the the above mentioned authors on the childhood obesity issue, there are a genuine challenge to achieving, legitimate, cost-efficient progress on childhood obesity. And if we are honest about why the childhood obesity problem needs to be at the top of policymakers agenda, the most compelling answer comes back to money. It is a serious medical disease that affects over a quarter of adults in the United States, and about 14% of children and adolescents. It is the second leading cause of preventable death after smoking. Berg makes a compelling and convincing argument that the dangers of childhood obesity are real by highlighting the increased risks overweight and obese American children face for obesity-related health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and psychological disorders. She notes, for example, that from 1979 to 1981, the annual hospital costs related to obesity among children and adolescents were $35 million; from 1997 to 1999, these costs rose to $127 million. Evidence from the literature provides proof of Bergs claims about the reality of the dangers of childhood obesity and further supports her reasonings that American society must take responsibility to reclaim the health of generations to come. There are many arguments that obese children will be stigmatized and that this will increase bullying, as well as leading to an increased number of children suffering from eating disorders in the future. A number of people In addition, feel that parents should be able to tell that their child is overweight and that the money could be put to better use by doing something to help change the situation. Many consider obesity an individual matter. However, children cannot be accountable for their weight. The children have little knowledge about the anatomy of their bodies. Children will keep eating if they see that junk food is advertise all over and ok. There are two main arguments on this issue: 1) Child obesity is mostly caused by food advertisements, and 2) Parents are not doing their jobs. Some argue that children are growing obese, because of the exposure to food advertisements. They believe that the government should step in and regulate food advertisements on children. A child becomes obese not because he or she watches advertisements, but because they sit in front of a television all day with no exercises or any other physical activities. In addition, it is believed that the schools as well as government is obligated to fix the epidemic. The generation has a major problem that will result in statistical records of people with heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. A solution to the epidemic can be the corporation between parents, the industries, and the government. Dr. Peter Nieman, (2004) a practicing pediatrician, has identified three main causes of childhood obesity: genetics, overeating and lack of exercise. He emphasizes that it is important to understand that the causes of obesity are often a combination of these three factors. Obesity if just not the result of a single factor. As the government becomes more aware of the serious problem of childhood obesity, schools in the UK are now planning to weigh and measure all children at the ages of 4-5, when they start primary school and again at 10-11, when they are about to leave for secondary education. Van Staveren.and Dales (2004) article: Childhood Obesity: Problems and Solutions discusses the problems related to the epidemic of Childhood Obesity. There are many problems that could have led to this epidemic but in their article, they only discuss the main four problems. The Authors feel that the following are the main causes for Child Obesity: Unhealthy food in schools No policies on good dietary in schools Unhealthy food in family life and A Lack of family responsibility towards children regarding their diets. There are many arguments that obese children will be stigmatized and that this will increase bullying, as well as leading to an increased number of children suffering from eating disorders in the future. A number of people, feel that parents should be able to tell that their child is overweight and that the money could be put to better use by doing something to help change the situation. Being parents, most of the people ask what they can do to help their children keep their weight under control. Parents can set a good example by providing healthy nutritious meals and not eating junk food themselves, but it is important to allow some treats, as being over strict is likely to cause friction. If the whole family learns about healthy nutritious eating and try cooking new healthy recipes together, kids wont feel they are being singled out. It is also very essential not to focus too much on food. Although it is an important part of life and can never be avoided, it should not be made the main topic of discussion in the family. If the overweight children are constantly reminded of their weight and what overeating can do to them, they could develop an unhealthy attitude towards food. So the parents must be sure to focus on other things, certain areas of life which are not stressful and which their child enjoys as well as good activities with the children e.g. jogging all together as a family in a park. People might believe that children eat no more calories than children 20 years ago. The fact is that, the increasing obesity rates are likely due to a combination of changes in both eating and exercise habits. Although the increase in calories has been difficult to define due to imperfect assessment methods, it has become very clear that children eat much more processed starch and sugar especially in the form of soda coldrinks and other sugary drinks than in past years. Parents often need to compromise or negotiate with children in regard to their food intake, and teenagers certainly make many of their own food-purchasing decisions on the basis of, in part, advertising. Marketing food to children dramatically worsened their nutritional intake. The issue on obesity continues to grow everyday, especially in newer generations. Many are saying generation x and future generations as well are going to be the only generations that are not going to outlive their parents. Childhood Obesity is a major contribution to these assumptions, it causes diseases and many other health problems. Dr William J. McCarthy uses logical argumentation with his audience by saying many children in this generation are becoming over weight. During McCarthys interview in the video Project 1a, he tries to warn parents as well and, with the use of pathos, (Pathos is a communication technique used to represents an appeal to the audiences emotions ) by frightening parents into believing their child is at a high risk of a disease. He states, they are starting to see diseases, which were really unheard, This causes parents to worry about their children and want to reduce the risk of them obtaining a disease. After hearing these facts parents may help their children eat healthier so they are not overweight and have a less chance of obtaining a disease. CONCLUSIONS From this review, it is apparent that obesity in South Africa is a growing problem in all sectors of the community, yet a particular challenge in children and urbanised black women. To address this problem and the associated morbidities in South African communities, a multi-sectoral approach is needed. This should include changes in policy aimed at creating an environment conducive and supportive for change, such as the promotion of physical activity and dietary education in schools. In addition, The opportunity for primordial prevention of obesity, particularly in children, should be promoted. These prevention strategies should be culturally sensitive and encompass programmes to improve the Education, status and economic empowerment of women. This assignment highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the systematically reviewed literature relating to the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. Prevention is not realy discussed in the existing literature and no specific approach to intervention can be recommended. As prevention is generally considered the most effective, economical and socially acceptable approach to addressing the obesity epidemic, the need for clear principles upon which to base prevention strategies must be considered an urgent research priority. The reviewed literature can provide an evidence-based framework for preventative interventions. It is clear that preventative programs should include strategies to address diet, physical activity and behavioural change. With the development of guidelines in school health care the authorities should have a better understanding for the optimal spending of public money for the sake of the health of the childhood With the development of a guideline on the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood representatives of school health care in three European countries (i.e. Croatia, flanders and slovenia) can use the same methodology in order to elaborate common evidence-based recommendations for school health services in their countries. On top of these common recommendations, some specific advices were added in accordance with the organisation of health care and school health care in the respective countries. Any country that has a high rate or increasing rate of childhood obesity must acknowledge core factors that contribute to this serious health problem. Furthermore, public policy and community involvement that include all health professionals have a responsibility in the prevention of childhood obesity. This can be implemented through education, research and advocacy of all nurses involved with children and families. Guidelines on school health care aim at increasing the effectiveness, efficiency and quality of the preventive health care as it is delivered to school aged children and adolescents. They should contribute to a better health, growth and development of children, on an individual as well as on a population level. After being informed about the principals of the guidelines, parents and children should have a clearer idea about what to expect from the school health service, and become more conscious of their own and their childrens health. Any country that has a high rate or increasing rate of childhood obesity must acknowledge core evidences that contribute to this serious health problem. This can be implemented through education, research and health education by all the nurses involved with children and families. Obesity effects thousands of Americans every year. In order to maintain a healthy weight and stop the spread of this chronic disease is by exercising and eating a balanced diet. Dont become a victim of such a deadly disease!

The Joys of Planning a Wedding Essay -- Wedding Planners Marriage Essa

The Joys of Planning a Wedding The verdict is in - I will only get married once. I’ve always felt that in my heart, but the experience of planning my wedding removed any doubts that I may have had. The process of planning a wedding is so extensive and involved that once the process has started, there is no turning back. You will be completely absorbed in the ins and outs of the entire day from that point forward. While the main focal point should be the actual ceremony uniting the man and woman, that is rarely the case. There are so many details to work out from the color scheme to the reception menu that you have no option but to stay completely focused. Anyone that has been involved in planning a wedding before will tell you that once you get the â€Å"big four† out of the way you’re almost home free. The â€Å"big four† in the wedding planning world are: deciding where the ceremony will be held, choosing a reception venue, deciding which dresses will be worn, and planning the ho neymoon. Deciding where the ceremony will be held is one of the first things you need to do when planning a wedding. You need to decide first and foremost whether or not you want a church wedding. If you are a member of a particular church, your first instinct will be to hold the wedding at your church. You have to be certain that the church will be able to accommodate the number of guests you’ll be inviting to attend. Does the church have any specific rules against music or decorations? You do...

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Fighting Fighting, or kumite, is the freestyle use of moves one has learned. During this freestyle match, the students may use any technique they have learned in their training for either defensive or offensive purposes. Fighting is involved with probably only 30 % of skill the student has. However, this is a very important part of the whole. As mention earlier, katas help in perfecting the moves and the focus of executing them. On the other hand, fighting employs these moves. Practicing in fighting will assist in the timing and rhythm of the execution of the move. In a kata you have as long as you want to throw each kick, each block, each punch, and as much time to move into the next stance. During a fight, you must use these moves but timing must be involved as well. If the opponent throws a kick, you must make a decision and quick. You can block the kick, dodge the kick to the left, right, or step back, or you can decide to get hit. Now no one wants to get hit but if a decision isn’t made that will be the result. You must also be able to react fast enough to the oncoming kick with your decision. If you hesitate on your decision to step to the side, it will be to late and you could be on the ground trying to catch your breath. I know from experience. Well, let’s say you have successfully reacted to the kick and blocked it and your done right, wrong! Usually a skilled fighter won’t throw one punch or kick without following it up with 2 or 3 more attacks,... karate Essay -- essays research papers Fighting Fighting, or kumite, is the freestyle use of moves one has learned. During this freestyle match, the students may use any technique they have learned in their training for either defensive or offensive purposes. Fighting is involved with probably only 30 % of skill the student has. However, this is a very important part of the whole. As mention earlier, katas help in perfecting the moves and the focus of executing them. On the other hand, fighting employs these moves. Practicing in fighting will assist in the timing and rhythm of the execution of the move. In a kata you have as long as you want to throw each kick, each block, each punch, and as much time to move into the next stance. During a fight, you must use these moves but timing must be involved as well. If the opponent throws a kick, you must make a decision and quick. You can block the kick, dodge the kick to the left, right, or step back, or you can decide to get hit. Now no one wants to get hit but if a decision isn’t made that will be the result. You must also be able to react fast enough to the oncoming kick with your decision. If you hesitate on your decision to step to the side, it will be to late and you could be on the ground trying to catch your breath. I know from experience. Well, let’s say you have successfully reacted to the kick and blocked it and your done right, wrong! Usually a skilled fighter won’t throw one punch or kick without following it up with 2 or 3 more attacks,...